<p>Santa Margarita Lake, also called Salinas Reservoir, is a lake several miles southeast of the town of Santa Margarita in San Luis Obispo County, California. The lake was created by the building of Salinas Dam on the southern end of the Salinas River, very close to the river&#39;s origin in the Santa Lucia Range.</p><br>
<p>The dam was built by the United States Army Corps of Engineers in 1941 to provide water for Camp San Luis Obispo. It now provides the city of San Luis Obispo with a portion of its drinking water. The city also uses water from Lake Nacimiento and water from Whale Rock Reservoir in Cayucos. The lake is relatively small, with a capacity of 23,843 acre.ft. Since it is a municipal water source, human contact is prohibited. Boating and fishing are popular activities on the lake and there are camping sites on the shore.</p><br>
<p>The lake is stocked with rainbow trout and is also home to largemouth bass, catfish, carp, black crappie and various sunfish.</p><br>
<p>There are dirt roads that provide access to almost the entire perimeter of the lake. There is a 15-mile per hour (24 km/h) speed limit, as the roads are bumpy and vehicles kick up a lot of dust, even at slow speeds. In addition, many visitors park on the side of the road to fish. The default speed limit on the lake itself is 5 miles per hour (8 km/h), but boats can travel up to 30 miles (48 km/h) per hour in certain areas, depending on conditions.</p><br>
<p>There is a proposal to raise the dam by 19 feet (8 m) with the addition of a spillway gate, which was part of the original design. The loss of trees from the additional capacity has been a major concern. In the area to be flooded there are 1,639 coast live oaks, 633 blue oaks, 198 valley oaks and 469 gray pines. The loss of oak trees is of ecological concern, since oak trees in the area are already contending with sudden oak death.</p><br>
<p>Rama Lake is a lake near Astore in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. It is on the top of the beautiful Astore Valley that has a light covering of oak trees and other greenery. There is not much greenery  due to illegal logging of the forest by locals and "timber mafia". The region has low average rainfall and low vegetation cover hence the loss of forest cover is of a very serious concern.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>On the way to Rama Lake, from Astore Valley, there are three small lakes called Sarot in the local Shina language.</p><br>
<p>Before 2005, Astore was a Tehsil of District Diamir, the 5th District of Gilgit-Baltistan. Now Astore has been upgraded to a District.</p><br>
<p>There are more than 50 small beautiful villages in Astore. Some of which are Chilm, Bubin, Gorikot, Eid Ghah, Fina, Bulen, Chongra and Pari Shing.</p><br>
<h2>Rama valley</h2><br>
<p>Rama Valley is thickly forested with huge pine, cedar, fir and juniper trees. The valley is about 3300 meters (10800 feet) above sea level and thus is snow covered for 7–8 months of the year. In summer, it becomes lush green; conditions favored by local shepherds.</p><br>
<p>From here one can trek to east side of the Nanga Parbat (also known as the Killer Mountain), the world&#39;s 8th highest mountain.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>Lake Rama is near Astore village. On KKH after passing the exit for Fairy Meadows keep driving for about another 20 minutes. When you come across the sign for Astore turn right there, keep going for another 2–3 hours. You will arrive at the village of Astore. The valley is popular for camping in the summers. Road towards Rama meadow has now been cemented and tourists can reach there without undue difficulty, however there is an hour and half trek to Rama Lake.</p><br>
<h2>People</h2><br>
<p>Rama Lake is Located in Choungrah and the people of Choungrah are called Choungroch.</p><br>
<p>Lower Kachura Lake , also known as Shangrila Lake is located in Kachura village 20 minutes from Skardu city  town. The lake is also known as Shangrila lake after a resort built on its bank in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Shangrila Resort</h2><br>
<p>It is a popular tourist destination, and has a unique restaurant that is built on the fuselage of an aircraft that had crashed nearby.</p><br>
<p>Shangrila was established in 1983 with the opening of the first Resort Hotel in Skardu, Baltistan. Shangrila Resort Hotel was founded by the late Muhammad Aslam Khan, the first commander of the Northern Scouts of the Pakistan Army.</p><br>
<p>Shangrila was named after a book titled Lost Horizon by James Hilton. In the novel, the author narrates a tale in which an aeroplane crash landed near a riverbed, in the early 1920s. The surviving passengers came across some Buddhist monks from a nearby temple and sought their help. They were taken to a beautiful lamasery filled with a variety of fruits and flowers. The monks looked quite young, although they claimed to be hundreds of years old. The idyllic place was called Shangri-la, a Tibetan word meaning "Heaven on earth". In 2015, one of the photo of Shangrila Resort was declared as the grand winner of the Wiki Loves Earth, 2015, after a worldwide contest.</p><br>
<p>Agathonísi  is a small Greek island and municipality located at the northernmost point of the Dodecanese in Greece.</p><br>
<p>It is surrounded by many smaller islands and is home to two villages, both inland; Megálo Chorió ("Big Village"), and Mikró Chorió ("Small Village"). Between them is the small settlement of Agios Georgios (Saint George), which forms the island&#39;s only harbor and consists of a few hotels and restaurants. The island is also locally known as Gaidaro ("Donkey"), or by its ancient name Tragea.</p><br>
<p>The highest point on the island is 209 m above sea level. This peak is located close to Mikro Chorio. The island covers an area of 13.5 km². It is made almost entirely of subcrystalline stratified limestones, and is covered with thorny macchia.</p><br>
<p>In the late 1920s the island had 80 inhabitants, active in agriculture and sheep rearing.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>In ancient times, Agathonisi was known as Psetoussa (Ψετούσσα). The ancient historian Thucydides also referred to it as Tragaia (Τραγαία), while Strabo as Tragaiae and Plutarchus as Tragia. The island is known as Gaidaro in Italian and as Eşek Adası in Turkish.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In modern times, the islet (dependent on Patmos) was occupied in 1912 by the Kingdom of Italy during the Italo-Turkish war and, after being part of the Italian Islands of the Aegean (of which it was the northernmost islet), was ceded from Italy to Greece in 1947.</p><br>
<h2>Administration</h2><br>
<p>In 2011, as part of the Kallikratis Plan, the island&#39;s status has been upgraded from Community to Municipality.</p><br>
<h2>Archipelago of Agathonisi</h2><br>
<p>Near Agathonisi lie several islets: Psatonisi, Strongili, Neronisi, Katagani, all made with crystalline limestones, and Kunellonisi, which is made of schistose-crystalline rocks.</p><br>
<p>The Kachura Lakes  are two lakes in the Skardu District of Gilgit-Baltistan, northern Pakistan. The lakes, at 2,500 m in elevation, are Upper Kachura Lake and Lower Kachura Lake. The latter is also known as Shangrila Lake and is within a tourist resort named Shangrila Resort outside the town of Skardu.</p><br>
<p>The lakes are in the Karakoram mountain range of the western Himalayas, the greater Kashmir region, and in the Indus River basin.</p><br>
<h2>Upper Kachura Lake</h2><br>
<p>Upper Kachura Lake is of clear water and has a depth of 70 m. In summer it has a temperature of 15 &deg;C. In winter the surface is frozen solid. The upper Indus River flows nearby at a lower elevation.</p><br>
<p>The beauty of the Upper Kachura Lake is almost untampered and mostly unexplored by travelers, due to lack of infrastructure owing to its rough terrain The area has a rich flora of the Western Himalayan subalpine conifer forests ecoregion, and also known for its wild apricot - Prunus armeniaca orchards. Recreation activities at Upper Kachura Lake include hiking, trout fishing, and Himalaya mountaineering.</p><br>
<h2>Lower Kachura Lake (kandoor)</h2><br>
<p>Prokletije , also known as the Albanian Alps  and the Accursed Mountains, is a mountain range on the western Balkan peninsula, extending from northern Albania to Kosovo and eastern Montenegro. Its peak in Albania, Maja Jezercë at 2,694 m, is the highest point, and the 2nd highest peak in Albania and the highest in the entire Dinaric Alps.</p><br>
<p>Both the highest peak in Montenegro, Zla Kolata at 2,534 m (which is also partially in Albania) and the highest in Kosovo, Gjeravica at 2,656 m, are here. The highest peak in Albania, however, is Mount Korab, part of the Korab range, at 2,764 m high and in the east of the country on the border with the Republic of Macedonia (making it Macedonia&#39;s highest point in addition).</p><br>
<p>The southernmost glaciers in Europe were recently discovered in the Albanian part of the range. The regional economy is based mainly on agriculture, emigrant remittances and tourism.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>Ptolemy mentioned Mons Bertiscus, which has been connected to Prokletije. Bertiscus lives on artificially in the form bertiscae in the scientific names for endemic species that have their locus classicus in the mountains, such as Valeriana bertiscae, Crepis bertiscae and Iris bertiscae.</p><br>
<p>Serbo-Croatian Prokletije and Albanian Bjeshkët e Namuna both mean "the accursed (mountains)", possibly because they are perceived as insurmountable and wild. In Albanian, another name for the mountain range since the 20th century is Alpet Shqiptare, meaning "Albanian Alps".</p><br>
<h2>Location and relief</h2><br>
<p>The Prokletije mountains, the southernmost part of the Dinaric Alps, stretch more than 40 miles from Skadar Lake along the Montenegrin&ndash;Albanian border in the southwest to Kosovo in the northeast. These points are at 42°45 and 42°15 N in the Mediterranean zone of the western Balkan Peninsula. The southern boundary of the Prokletije is found at the river Drin and its tributary Valbona. In a broader sense the Prokletije also include the mountain ranges to Kosovska Mitrovica with the Hajla and Mokna massifs. Some authors, however, see the river Lim as the northern boundary of the Prokletije in geological terms.</p><br>
<p>From Skadar lake, the mountains stretch northeast along the Cijevna river area, then curve slightly to the east in the direction of Gjeravica summit above Metohija (450m) basin in Kosovo. From here, the Prokletije turn northwards over the Bogićevića massif and Čakor pass, and continue with another row of mountains. The Prokletije finish in the area of upper Ibar river valley near the city of Kosovska Mitrovica, just after the Suva Planina (1,750 m) massif that encircles Metohija basin from the north and northwest.</p><br>
<p>The Prokletije are ethnographically and sociologically diverse due to many tribes living in the region as sheep herders. Names of various Albanian tribes (Hoti, Gruda, Kelmendi, Kastrati, Dukagjini, Shkreli, Shala, Nikaj, Krasniqi, Gashi and Rugova) refer to their geographical locations within the range.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The Prokletije are a subrange of the 1,000 km long Dinaric Alps. The Prokletije are a typical high mountain range with a pronounced steep topography and glacial features. Maximum relief differences of 1800 meters are found in the Valbona, Grbaja and Ropojani and Cijevna Valley. Overhanging walls and ridges forming pointed peaks are typical of the western and central Prokletije. The eastern mountains are less rugged with lower relief. The valleys show characteristic effects of Pleistocene glaciation. Most of the area was modified by glacial activity with karstic areas in the western parts.</p><br>
<p>The range was formed by the folding resulting from the collision of the African and Eurasian plates. Nowhere in the Balkans have glaciers left so much evidence of erosion. After the Alps, these mountains are the most glaciated in Europe south of the Scandinavian ice sheet. They have very steep limestone slopes with abundant karst features. The Prokletije is a large, rugged, pathless range. It is one of the rare mountain ranges in Europe that has not been explored entirely.</p><br>
<p>In some areas, the Prokletije run almost parallel with the Šar Mountains in Macedonia, Albania and Kosovo. This tectonic crash produced the unusual zig-zag shape of Prokletije range, and also their curving from the dominant Dinaric northwestern - southeastern direction toward the northeastern one. In the western and central parts of the range the composition of the mountains is of mainly uniform with Mesozoic limestones and dolomites of the Jurassic and Cretaceous ages. In the eastern Prokletije in addition to the limestone and dolomite series, there are rocks from the late Palaeozoic and Triassic periods, medium-Triassic volcanic rocks and Jurassic metamorphic rocks.</p><br>
<p>The Kalktafel of Prokletije is cut deeply with valleys in a variety of rock blocks of the mountains north of Përroi i Thatë, the Biga e Gimajive south of it, the Jezerca block between Shala and Valbona valley, the massif of the Maja e Hekurave, the plateau of the Maja e Kolats north of Valbona and Shkëlzen northeast of Valbona. The valleys were formed by Ice Age glaciers, which created very steep walls and hollows up to 1000 meters deep. The south wall of the Maja Harapit is 800 meters high, making it the highest rock face on the Balkan Peninsula.</p><br>
<p>Although some scientific research gives the Prokletije the status of a separate mountain chain, in most other ways this chain is still considered the highest of all Dinaric areas, connected with the Dinaric mountain chain in terms of geology, morphology, and ethnography.</p><br>
<h3>Massifs</h3><br>
<p>The Prokletije itself are made up of many large sections or mountain massifs/groups, all of which are connected to one another. These massifs include the Popluks group with a height of 2,694 m, the Shkurt group at 2,554 m, the Radohimës group at 2,570 m, the Zaborës e Krasniçës at 2,625 m, the Bjelic group at 2,556 m, the Karanfili-Brada group at 2,554 m, the Rabës group at 2,232 m, the Ershellit group at 2,06 6m, the Kakinjes group at 2,359 m, the Shkëlzen group at 2,407 m, the Bogićevica group at 2,533 m, the Horolac group at 2,199 m, the Kershi Kocaj group at 2,399 m, the Maja e Zezë group at 2,400 m, the Lumbardhit group at 2,52 2m, the Kopranik group at 2,460 m, the Strellc group at 2,377 m, the Gjeravica group at 2,656 m, the Junik group at 2,296 m, the Starac-Qokorr group 2,426 m, the Hajla group at 2,403 m, the Stedim-Ahmica group at 2,272 m, the Zleb-Rusulija group at 2,382 m, the Mokna group at 2,155 m and the Suva Planina group at 1,750 m.</p><br>
<h3>Canyons and valleys</h3><br>
<p>The erosion of the Prokletije mountains by glaciers left many telltale features behind. Deep river canyons and flat valleys wind around the ridges of the mountains. The largest and most popular canyon is Rugova Canyon. It is situated in Kosovo and is 25 km long from the border with Montenegro to the city of Peć and is 1,000 m deep. It has very steep vertical mountain slopes on both sides.</p><br>
<p>Valleys common at lower altitudes are also found at the alpine level, creating mountain passes and valley troughs. The most well-known valley to be high up in the mountains is Buni Jezerce in Albania. Buni Jezerce means "Valley of the Lakes" and it contains six small glacial lakes, the biggest being called the Big lake of Buni Jezerce.</p><br>
<p>Canyons in the Prokletije</p><br>
<p>Rugova Canyon</p><br>
<p>Deçani Canyon</p><br>
<p>Gashi Canyon</p><br>
<p>Cemi Canyon</p><br>
<p>Valleys in the Prokletije</p><br>
<p>Vermosh Valley</p><br>
<p>Valbona Valley</p><br>
<p>Thethi Valley</p><br>
<p>Ropojona Valley</p><br>
<p>Gerbja Valley</p><br>
<p>Buni Jezerce</p><br>
<p>Cemi i Nikçit Valley</p><br>
<h2>Rivers and lakes</h2><br>
<p>The Prokletije include many of the important rivers of the southeastern part of the Western Balkans. Rivers in this range fall roughly into two main categories, those that flow into the Lim and those that enter the White Drin and meet the Black Drin downstream at the Drin confluence. The southern and eastern slopes of Prokletije fall into the latter category.</p><br>
<p>The Tara and Lim rivers, two major sources of the Dinaric river system, originate on the northern borders of the Prokletije. The Vërmosh originates in the northwest mountainous part in Montenegro, close to the border with Albania. As a tributary of the Drina it drains into the Danube and then into the Black Sea. The Lim flows through the Plav lake. The Ibar, which originates on the slopes of the Hajla, takes a similar route into the Danube via the West Morava in Serbia.</p><br>
<p>In the southern Prokletije, the Drin dominates. It drains most of the ranges with its tributaries and when measured from the source of the White Drin in Radavc to the mouth of the Drin near Lezha, it is 335 km long. However, not all of the Drin flows near or parallel to the Prokletije. One Drin tributary is the Valbona, which drains into the Adriatic Sea, and its eastern tributary the Gashi River. To the west of the Prokletije is the Cijevna, which drains the northwestern part of the Montenegrin-Albanian border area to the Adriatic. Water levels fluctuate due to the karst hydrological drought in the Prokletije. Some rivers or streams, such as Përroi i Thatë in Albania, dry out completely during the summer droughts. Although the Pećka Bistrica in Kosovo is short, it is very powerful and carved the Rugova Canyon.</p><br>
<p>There are about 20 small alpine lakes of glacial origin in the Prokletije. Many lakes are in the Bogiçevica border area between Kosovo and Albania and the Buni i Jezercë trough near the Jezerca and Bojs peaks. Some lakes, such as Liqenat Lake in Kosovo and Hrid Lake in Montenegro, have become tourist attractions due to their locations and scenery.</p><br>
<p>Hrid Lake today is a clear example of a well-preserved glacial relief. In the Pleistocene period (1.8-0.01 million years ago) this was a collection area for ice that fell down over steps of rock from surrounding peaks, dragging with it heterogeneous material. Precipitation washed away smaller rocks, but larger ones remain on the southwestern and western lake shore. The lake is 295 meters long, 110 meters wide and about 5 meters deep on average. In addition to precipitation, it receives water from sources near its shores.</p><br>
<p>The largest lake is Lake Plav in Montenegro. The lake lies at an altitude of 906 meters above sea level in the Plav valley, nestled between the Prokletije and the Visitor range. The surface area of Lake Plav is 1.99 square kilometers and it extends north-south for some 2,160 meters.</p><br>
<p>Waterfalls are also found in some parts of the range. The White Drin Waterfall in Kosovo reaches a height of 25 m. Because it is not far from the city of Peć, it is easily accessible and frequented by many visitors. The Grunas Waterfall in Albania is 30 m high and is in the Thethi National Park. The Ali Pasha natural springs in Montenegro near the town of Gusinje are the premium attraction for the town.</p><br>
<h2>Highest peaks</h2><br>
<p>Peaks over 2,600 m</p><br>
<p>Maja Jezercë (2,694 m; in Albania)</p><br>
<p>Đeravica/Gjeravica (2,656 m; in Kosovo)</p><br>
<p>Maja Grykat e Hapëta (2,625 m; in Albania)</p><br>
<p>Peaks over 2,500 m</p><br>
<p>Maja e Radohimës (2,570 m; in Albania)</p><br>
<p>Maja e Popljuces (2,569 m; in Albania)</p><br>
<p>Maja Briaset (2,567 m; in Albania)</p><br>
<p>Maja e Hekurave (2,561 m; in Albania)</p><br>
<p>Rodi e Kollatës (2,556 m; in Albania)</p><br>
<p>Maja e Shënikut (2,554 m; in Albania)</p><br>
<p>Maja Tat (2,543 m; in Albania)</p><br>
<p>Gusan (2,539 m; in Albania & Kosovo)</p><br>
<p>Zla Kolata/Kollata e Keqe (2,534 m; in Albania & Montenegro)</p><br>
<p>Marijaš/Marijash (2,533 m; in Kosovo)</p><br>
<p>Dobra Kolata/Kolata e Mirë (2,524 m; in Albania & Montenegro)</p><br>
<p>Rosni Vrh/Maja e Rosit (2,524 m; in Montenegro)</p><br>
<p>Žuti kamen/Guri i Kuq (2,522 m; in Kosovo)</p><br>
<p>Maja Kokervhake (2,508 m; in Albania)</p><br>
<p>Rops/Maja e Ropës (2,502 m; in Kosovo)</p><br>
<p>Peaks over 2,400 m</p><br>
<p>Maja Shkurt (2,499 m; in Albania)</p><br>
<p>Maja e Malësores (2,490 m; in Albania)</p><br>
<p>Karanfili (Veliki Vrh, Kremeni Vrh, Maja Gurt e Zjarmit) (2,490 m; in Montenegro)</p><br>
<p>Maja e Ragamit (2,472 m; in Albania)</p><br>
<p>Maja Bojs (2,461 m; in Albania)</p><br>
<p>Koprivnik/Kopranik (2,460 m; in Kosovo)</p><br>
<p>Maja Vukoces (2,450 m; in Albania)</p><br>
<p>Veternik (2,410 m; in Albania)</p><br>
<p>Shkëlzen (2,407 m; in Albania)</p><br>
<p>Maja e Thatë (2,406 m; in Albania)</p><br>
<p>Pasji Peak (2,405 m; in Kosovo & Montenegro)</p><br>
<p>Maja Bogiçaj (2,404 m; in Albania & Kosovo)</p><br>
<p>Hajla (2,403 m; in Kosovo & Montenegro)</p><br>
<p>Peaks under 2,400 m</p><br>
<p>Rusulija (2,382 m)</p><br>
<p>Streoc (2,377 m)</p><br>
<p>Tromeđa (2,366 m)</p><br>
<p>Žljeb (2,365 m)</p><br>
<p>Maja e Kakisë (2,360 m)</p><br>
<p>Liqenat (2,341 m)</p><br>
<p>Rrasa e Zogut (2,305 m)</p><br>
<p>Hajla e Vëranocit (2,281 m)</p><br>
<p>Junik (2,280 m)</p><br>
<p>Maja e Elbunit (2,231 m)</p><br>
<p>Mali i Deçanit (2,200 m)</p><br>
<p>Maja Harapit (2,218 m)</p><br>
<p>Maja Trojan (2,190 m)</p><br>
<p>Pogled (2,155 m)</p><br>
<p>Maja Dramadol (2,120 m)</p><br>
<p>Beleg (2,102 m)</p><br>
<p>Maja e Ershellit (2,067 m)</p><br>
<p>Maja e Vjelakut (2,014 m)</p><br>
<p>Hajla e Shkrelit (2,011 m)</p><br>
<p>Maja e Madhe (2,011 m)</p><br>
<p>Maja e Grebenit (1,864 m)</p><br>
<p>Lice Mountain (1,799 m)</p><br>
<p>Maja e Veleçikut (1,725 m)</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<p>The Prokletije is on the whole the wettest area of Europe. In the village of Boga in the dry valley, precipitation is 3,033 mm per year, and otherwise 2000 to 2500 mm per year is normal.</p><br>
<h3>Glaciation</h3><br>
<p>Today (as around 2015) on the shady northern slopes of the Prokletije, there are at least five active glaciers that probably formed during the late Holocene period, and some inactive glaciers between 1,980 and 2,420 meters high. The trough valleys of Ropojani, Grbaja and Valbona were carved by miles of glaciers during the last Ice Age. Detailed geomorphological mapping was used to reconstruct the positions of former glaciers. The longest glacier of Ropojana had a length of 12.5 km and a surface area of 20 km&sup2 others include Valbona glacier at 9.5 km and 10.5 km&sup2, Grbaja Glacier at 5 km and 6.7 km&sup2; and Bogićevića Glacier at 6 km and6.9 km&sup2;. In addition about 20 small lakes of glacial origin are found as described above, among them the lake group Buni i Jezerce to the north side of Jezerca, the Ridsko Lake, Lake Bukumisko and Rikavacko Lake.</p><br>
<p>A recent report from geographers at the University of Manchester details the discovery of four previously unknown glaciers in the Albanian part of the Prokletije range at 1980–2100 m high, found in the area close to Maja e Jezerces. The glaciers, the largest of which is currently the size of six football pitches, vary in size every year according to the amount of winter snowfall and temperatures during the following summer. Their average total surface area is 5 hectare. Glacier-climate modeling suggests that these glaciers require annual accumulation of between 4,137 and (rainfall equivalent) to balance melting, which would correspond to between 49.7 and of snow. A significant proportion of this accumulation is likely to be sourced from windblown snow and, in particular, avalanching snow. It is estimated that the total accumulation needed to balance melting is potentially up to twice the amount accumulated from direct precipitation. The presence of these glaciers, the southernmost in Europe, at altitudes well below the regional snow line highlights the importance of local controls on glacier development. The geographers think at least eight glaciers were present in neighbouring mountains during the 19th century, correlating with the culmination of the Little Ice Age in the European Alps.</p><br>
<h2>Flora</h2><br>
<p>The vegetation of the Prokletije is among the richest on the Balkan Peninsula and one of the main central European regions for flora. To date, 1611 wild plants have been described in the Albanian part alone. In total, 50 flora species are endemic, sub-endemic and endangered plant species. The southern edge of mountains have a sub-Mediterranean character. Various evergreen bushes are found in the deepest valleys of the canyons and sunny slopes, and in the higher valleys deciduous Shibljak shrubs are common. In the mountains over 100 medicinal herbs are found, including species of the genus Primula, Satureja and Sideritis. Because of its altitude and its favored habitat, the range is one of the centers of arcto-alpine relict flora of the Balkan Peninsula.Stevanović V, Vukojičić S, Šinžar-Sekulić J, Lazarević M, Tomović G & Tan K. 2009. Distribution</p><br>
<p>and diversity of Arctic-Alpine species in the Balkans. Plant Syst. Evol. 283: 219-235. Out of 77 arcto-alpine species of former glacial flora on the Balkan Peninsula, a little over 50 species can be found in the Prokltije.</p><br>
<p>The levels of vegetation in Prokletije meet the alpine level, from upland valleys through the montane mountain stage on forest-free alpine and subalpine mats and subnivale tundra caused by permafrost in vast heaps of rubble with raw soils. A real snow level is not widely spread, although in the high altitudes snow and fern fields can also keep during the summer on four very small glaciers at high altitudes, the highest one found in the shade of Jezerca.</p><br>
<p>Beech, fir and silicate spruce forests dominate the mountain areas. Rarely, however, the Northern Europe species are found, typically the Scots pine Pinus sylvestris. The drought-resistant Mediterranean-sized black pine Pinus nigra is also common. Aspens Populus tremula grow in damp sites alongside mountain maple Acer pseudoplatanus and Norway spruce Picea abies. The Prokletije is one of the southernmost areas where spruce grow in Europe. The "combat zones" of the forest are formed with dense thickets of mountain pine Pinus mugos. Conifers like the snakeskin pine Pinus heldreichii are on carbonate rocks and the Macedonian pine Pinus peuce of silicates are typical elements of the endemic Balkan flora. These are of special interest for natural history.</p><br>
<p>A cushion-sedge and blue grass lawn of Seslerion juncifoliae grows in alpine areas and, on shallow limestone soils, Oxytropidion dinaricae, to which the alpine grass krumm grows as in the Alps. Other plants include Alpine aster Aster alpinus, edelweiss Leontopodium alpinum and white mountain avens Dryas octopetala. These plants are atypical alpine plants specially adapted to the short growing season, UV radiation, cold and thin soils.</p><br>
<p>The flora in the rocky areas of the Prokletije are particularly noteworthy, because they are rare rich and endemic species, including the Tertiary relic Amphoricarpos neumayeri. Many species of flora are either endemic or are mainly found in the Prokletije. A plantain plant Plantaginaceae is found in the central Prokletije as a variant of the alpine Wulfenie, but 700 km away it does not grow. Petasites doerfleri is only found on the Jezerca peaks, and the Albanian lily Lilium albanicum and Viola ducagjinica are only found at the top of the Maja Radohimës slope. Also noteworthy is the Viola vilaensis Hayek. Viola chelmea belong to a violet species that occur on the Montenegrin-Albanian border area, especially at the lake Bukumirsko Jezero at 2,100 meters, and are only found on Asia Minor and the Balkans where they can grow due to woody, robust rhizome, cleistogamous flowers, and a lack of foothills. The Prokletije is also the only European area where the Tertiary relic Forsythia europaea grow.</p><br>
<h2>Fauna</h2><br>
<p>Large mammal species that have long been extinct in other regions are found here, such as the Eurasian brown bear, grey wolf, red fox, European wildcat, roe deer, fallow deer, red deer, wild boar and European otter.</p><br>
<p>The highly endangered Balkan lynx, a subspecies of the Eurasian lynx, is mainly found in the Thethi National Park where about roughly 20-50 individuals still roam, though poaching is still a large threat. Chamois are found throughout the high altitudes. About 720 chamois live between the borders of Kosovo and Montenegro alone. There is speculation that the mouflon roamed the Prokletije until World War I, when it disappeared.</p><br>
<p>Bird species include the golden eagle, snake eagle, honey buzzard, peregrine falcon, capercaillie, rock partridge, scops owl, Eurasian eagle owl and the snow finch.</p><br>
<p>The rivers are home to a growing number of marble trout. Among the amphibians are the alpine salamander (southernmost habitat), fire salamander, yellow-bellied toad and fire bellied toad. The rich herpetofauna include the fence lizard, green lizard, Greek tortoise and snakes such as the true vipers, including the poisonous horned viper and adder.</p><br>
<p>So far 140 species of butterflies have been found, which makes Prokletije the richest area in Europe for butterflies.</p><br>
<p>The Prokletije have one endemic species of lizard, the Prokletije rock lizard or Dinarolacerta montenegrina, named after the range.</p><br>
<h2>Early climbing</h2><br>
<p>British climbers Sleeman, Elmalie and Ellwood were the first to reach the summit of Maja Jezercë on 26 July 1929. Years later Austrian mountaineers also scaled the summit. Many explorers and scientists have visited the Prokletije, collecting rocks and samples to display in museums.</p><br>
<p>Before any of these expeditions, the highest peak of the range was believed to be Shkëlzen at 2,407 m high, followed by Maja Radohimës at 2,570 m. By early summer 1929 all the summits were measured by Italian geodetes.</p><br>
<h2>National Parks</h2><br>
<p>There are three national parks in Prokletije&mdash;one in Montenegro and two in Albania. A fourth national park has been proposed for Kosovo. The Theth National Park in Albania was designated in 1966 and covers an area of 2,630 hectares along the Thethi River. The main attraction in the park is the Grunas Waterfall. This park is also referred to as the Gem of Albania. Kosovo, Albania, and Montenegro are planning to create another tri-state park in the area, that will be called Balkanik Park of Peace.</p><br>
<p>There are plans to create the enlarged Albanian Alps National Park of Albania, which would include areas of Vermosh, Thethi, Valbona and Gashi River in a massive area of 86,000 hectares. The park on the Kosovar side would include an area of 50,000 hectares, covering the high alpine areas as well as the Rugova Canyon and important rivers. The Montenegrin part of the Prokletije range was declared a national park in 2009, comprising an area of 16.000 hectares.</p><br>
<p>A part of Maja e Ropës mountain was declared a floral mountain reserve in 1955, covering an area of 25 hectares of mainly Macedonian pine, pine and beech. In the same year the Kozhnjar area was declared a fauna reserve in particular to protect the chamois, covering an area of 161 hectares.</p><br>
<p>Illegal deforestation is still a major problem today. To some extent even the national parks are affected. In dry summers forest fires are common. All the large mammals including wolves, chamois, foxes, badgers and wild boar are hunted without regard to national park boundaries.</p><br>
<h2>Settlement, economy and transport</h2><br>
<p>The Proketije are home to Albanians, Montenegrins, Serbs and Bosniaks, but they are only very sparsely populated. At the edges there are some settlements: the Albanian Koplik and the Montenegrin Tuzi in the west near the Skadar Lake; Plav and Gusinje in of the northern valley of the upper Lim river in Montenegro and Bajram Curri, the main town of the district Tropoja, in the eastern Prokletije. Even the somewhat more distant, larger cities of Shkodra, Podgorica, Đakovica and Peć create their sphere of influence and are frequently visited by inhabitants of the highlands for errands, administrative procedures and market sales.</p><br>
<p>In the mountains themselves villages only have up to a few hundred inhabitants. They are often pronounced scattered settlements without a clear core. Among the biggest are likely to be Tamara and Selca, both in the valley of the Cem and belonging to the community of the Kelmend. The community of eight villages - including Vermosh - comprises 6,600 inhabitants. Tamara today is the only place in the central mountains with infrastructure such as a secondary school. Tamara and Vermosh share a maternity hospital. Until the collapse of communism there were such facilities, for example, in the Shala Valley. Many residents of the villages in the interior such as Boga, Theth or Valbona live only in the summer months there, as these villages are cut off for many weeks during winter.</p><br>
<p>In addition to the seasonal migration, the whole mountain area is suffering from a severe brain drain, as its only agriculture income is scarce. Many leave to seek work and a little more comfort in the region of Shkodra and Koplik, Tirana or abroad. As the year-round population dwindles as the terrain becomes less accessible, there are few state or local government employees such as teachers. Local income comes from agriculture, semi-illegal forestry and tourism.</p><br>
<p>In a few places like Theth tourism has been revitalized by recreational hiking. With the help of GTZ, 40 private houses (also referred to as guest houses, or han in Albanian) have been transformed into tourist accommodations or B&Bs. In 2010 there were 130 beds available in total - 100 more than in 2007. Additionally, hiking trails have been marked and trails maps and travel guides published. In the period from 2006 to 2009, the number of tourists rose from 300 to around 7,500 per year. Unlike in the rest of Albania, the increase was due to foreign tourists. Lakes such as Plav and Hrid also receive many tourists during the summer months. In many villages there are small hydro power plants that supply the village with electricity.</p><br>
<p>Many villages were already settled by the 15th century, and some valleys have been inhabited since the Stone Age. At the end of communism, however, several thousand people emigrated and depopulated the area.</p><br>
<h3>Transport in Albania</h3><br>
<p>SH20 road crosses the Prokletije in the Kelmend region of northwestern Albania, stretching from the eastern shore of Lake Scutari at the Han i Hotit border crossing with Montenegro, to the first pass into the valley of Cem. It then leads to the source elevation of the Qafa e Predelecit after Vermosh, followed by another border crossing, ending at Gusinje. the SH20 stretch between Hani Hotit and Tamare has been paved and upgraded to European standards.</p><br>
<p>From west to east, there is only SH21 road recently paved from Koplik to Boga, while from Qafa Thores leading to Theth the road is still under construction and in bad shape. From Theth, there is a bad track down to the Shala Valley Church and only a walking path along the river leads to Shkodra. SH22 road over the Qafa e Morinës at Bajram Curri after Đakovica has been reconstructed. In the past, the only route for crossing the border between Montenegro and Kosovo was via Rugova Canyon, which was very dangerous and steep. With the construction of the Peć–Rožaje highway the situation has greatly improved. In addition, SH42 road leading to Razem from SH21 has also been recently reconstructed.</p><br>
<p>Historically, a caravan route between Podgorica and Plav crossed the mountains along Lim and Cijevna.</p><br>
<h2>Literature</h2><br>
<p>Boenzi Federico, Giovanni Palmentola: "Glacial Features and Snow-Line Trend During the Last Glacial Age in the Southern Apennines (Italy) and on Albanian and Greek Mountains", in: Journal of Geomorphology, 41, 21-29, Berlin 1997.</p><br>
<p>Cook, Steve and Marash Rakaj. "Social Changes in the Albanian Alps During Communism". Middle States Geographer 28, 1995:84-90.</p><br>
<p>Jovan Cvijić: "Ice Age in Prokletije and Surrounding Mountains". The - Glass SKAN, XCI, Belgrade 1913th (Original: Cvijic, J. 1921: Ledeno doba u i Prokletijama okolnim planinama.- Glasnik Srpske Akad Kraljevske XCL, 1913, XCIII.)</p><br>
<p>Jovan Cvijić: Geomorphology I-II, Belgrade 1924/26.</p><br>
<p>Edith Durham: High Albania, London 1909</p><br>
<p>Helmut Eberhart, Karl Kaser (Editor): Albania - Tribal Life between Tradition and Modernity, Böhlau Verlag, Wien 1995,</p><br>
<p>Rose Wilder Lane: Peaks of Shala, Harper & Brothers: New York, 1923.</p><br>
<p>Milovan Milivojevića, Ljubomir Menkovića and Jelena Calic: "Pleistocene Glacial Relief of the Central Part of Mt Prokletije". In: Quaternary International, v. 190, 1, 1 November 2008, 112-122</p><br>
<p>Franz Nopcsa: Geography and Geology of Northern Albania, Institutum Regni Hungariae Geologicum, Budapest 1929</p><br>
<p>Christian Zindel, Barbara House Amman: Hiking North Albania - Thethi and Kelmend, Huber Verlag, Munich 2008,</p><br>
<p>Mahim Bay is a bay, part of the Arabian Sea in Mumbai India. The southern end is Worli, northern end is Bandra Reclamation and Mahim is in the centre. The bay was named after the islands of Mahim and Salsette were merged in the early 19th century. The Mithi River drains into Mahim Creek which drains into the Bay, and forms the border between the city and its suburbs.</p><br>
<p>During the colonial era, the Portuguese built a watch tower called Castella de Aguada on the northern side. Later, the British built the Worli Fort to the south and Mahim Fort near the creek to defend the seven islands of Bombay against attacks by the Portuguese and the Marathas.</p><br>
<p>The bay holds a small indigenous fishing population known as the Kolis. A large infrastructural project, the Bandra-Worli Sea Link, now links the two ends of the bay by a flyover bridge which reduced the commuting time between the suburbs and the city. During the monsoon season the sea waves hit against the walls and sometimes also enters the small byelanes. The bay is highly polluted due to the drainage of the polluted Mithi river into it. Mahim bay shifts according to the tide; during high tide, water rushes to the Bandra side and during low tide, the Worli side has much water. Recently tar deposits have been found in the bay. The bay is highly unsafe for swimming or Ganpati immersion. The flooding situation is growing worse. Approximately the sea floods the area once a week. It reaches up to the walls of Bombay Scottish School. The school authorities are advised to shut their sea facing gates to ensure safety of the children.The most frightening situation occurred after the start of the Bandra-Worli Sea Link project. the waves entered the small byelanes with great velocity. The Cafe Coffee Day and the Barista outlets were nearly touched by the rising waves.The citizens living on the sea facing side of the Veer Savarkar Marg have been warned repeatedly of building checkwalls to prevent loss of lives and destruction of any movable or immovable property. The students of Bombay Scottish School are also repeatedly told not to go on the beach for safety reasons. The environmentalists in that area have said that the bay has come ahead nearly by 100 metres. This bay is a cause of concern for the local bodies. It is predicted that the waves will nearly submerge Shivaji Park if their arrival to the shore is so fast. The land at the bay has sunk by 5 mm due to the rampant erosion due to the ferocious sea.</p><br>
<p>Brown Hill is a hill in the Australian state of South Australia located on the western edge of the Mount Lofty Ranges, 7 km southeast of the centre of Adelaide, in the suburb of Brown Hill Creek. Brown Hill rises to 312 m above sea level.</p><br>
<p>Brown Hill, along with Mount Lofty, Green Hill, Flagstaff Hill and Black Hill, was used by Colonel William Light as a trig station for the 1837 survey of what is now the Adelaide city centre. Captain Collet Barker probably named Brown Hill when seen from Gulf St Vincent or in 1836 when in the Mitcham area.</p><br>
<p>The hill was covered with grasses at the time of European settlement, probably due the burning practices of the Kaurna people. Grazing of livestock since European settlement has resulted in loss of much of the native vegetation and the ingress of many weed species. In 1998, a 30 hectare site, including Brown Hill, was acquired by the City of Mitcham and established as Brownhill Reserve. A management plan was established to attempt regenerate the native flora and to control exotic weeds.</p><br>
<p>Xueshan or Hsuehshan a mountain in Heping District, Taichung, Taiwan. It is the second highest mountain in Taiwan and in East Asia, at 3,886 m above sea level. It is located in the Shei-Pa National Park and it is visible in good weather from hills near Taiwan&#39;s capital Taipei.</p><br>
<p>In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it was known to Westerners as Mt. Sylvia.see, for example:</p><br>
<p>In 1923 (see Taiwan under Japanese rule), the mountain gained the name Tsugitakayama, literally the "Second Highest Mountain", because in the Japanese Empire at that time, only Yushan (also in Taiwan) was higher. They are both ahead of Mt. Fuji in terms of height. It was designated part of the by the Governor-General of Taiwan on December 12, 1937.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing Xueshan</h2><br>
<p>Xueshan is a part of the Shei-Pa National Park and so climbers are required to apply for a park entry permit. This can be done 7–30 days in advance. After that a police mountain entry permit must be applied for. This can be done at the police station in Wuling Farm on the spot.</p><br>
<p>There are two cabins on the trail. The first, Qika Cabin, is at the 2.0 km mark. The second, 369 Cabin, is at the 6.9 km mark. Both cabins are very basic containing bunker style beds. Hikers must bring their own sleeping and cooking gear.</p><br>
<p>The peak is at the 10.9 km mark.</p><br>
<p>Nesjøen  is an artificial lake  in the Nea-Nidelv watershed which lies in the Sylan region of the municipality of Tydal in Sør-Trøndelag county, Norway. The lake lies about 10 km southeast of the municipal center of Ås and 6.5 km north of the village of Stugudalen. The lake is good for trout fishing.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Trondheim Energiverk was given the contract for hydroelectric power generation in 1968 and they built and completed a dam in 1971. The dam was built on the Nea River and would flood the bogs to the east and north and would create a lake that would eventually merge with the nearby lake Esandsjøen. The results of the new, combined lake would be a 66 km&sup2; reservoir holding about 340,000,000 m&sup3; of water. The lake Nesjøen has a total watershed feeding it of about 712 km&sup2;.</p><br>
<h2>Esandsjøen</h2><br>
<p>Esandsjøen (or Essansjøen; Saantenjaevrie) is a former lake in the municipality of Tydal in Sør-Trøndelag county, Norway. Esandsjøen became regulated for hydroelectric power production by Trondheim Energiverk with the construction of a dam at Esna that was built from 1941 until 1947. The lake had an area of about 27 km&sup2;. In 1971, another nearby dam was built and that lake gradually enlarged until it essentially merged with the Esandsjøen. Today the name Essandsjøen is used to refer to the northern part of the lake Nesjøen.</p><br>
<p>The South Calder Water,known locally as "The Cawder", is a river in Scotland. It runs west from the high plateau between Shotts and Fauldhouse to the River Clyde.</p><br>
<p>The high plateau is also the watershed of the River Almond, which flows east into the River Forth.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>The South Calder Water follows a short course of approximately 10 miles, during which it winds round Shotts, Wishaw and Motherwell before flowing into the Strathclyde Loch.</p><br>
<p>Between its source and Newmains it follows a wide glacial valley and passes the village of Bonkle and Murdostoun Castle, but after Newmains...until its end at Strathclyde Loch in Motherwell, it cuts through a very deep and meandering valley. This valley was filled in at Ravenscraig during the construction of Ravenscraig steelworks to provide a large flat area. The river is therefore placed in a "cut and cover" tunnel as it passes for approximately 1/2 mile underneath the site, before reappearing at Jerviston. Driving across the now derelict Ravenscraig site gives no clues as to the underground river flowing below.</p><br>
<p>The river ends at Strathclyde Loch, where it used to join directly with the River Clyde. The River Clyde was diverted about 1 mile west of this point in the 1960s to create the large man made loch, which is now fed purely by water from the South Calder Water.</p><br>
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<p>Astore Valley   is located in Astore District in the Pakistani region of Gilgit-Baltistan. The valley, adjoining the eastern side of mountain Nanga Parbat, is about 120 km long, having area of 5,092 km&sup2;.</p><br>
<p>The entrance of the valley is located about 60 km southeast of Gilgit with four side-valleys. The valley has more than 100 villages with a total population of 71,666 (Census 1998), including Gudai, Shekong, Dass Kariam, Loas, Louze, Chilm, Bubin, Gorikot, Parisheng Eid Ghah, Fina, Bulen, Chongra, Tari Shing, Rattu, Kamri, and Minimerg. Rama lake and pastures are the most famous tourist attraction in the region. The majority of people practice subsistence agriculture and livestock is the main source of livelihood complemented by seasonal work in down districts of the country. Due to its diverse landscape and climatic conditions the valley provides excellent habitat for a variety of commercially important medicinal plants.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>According to the Imperial Gazetteer of India, around 1600:</p><br>
<h2>Climate</h2><br>
<p>Astore valley has a moderate climate during summer. In winter it can snow up to 6 in in the main valleys and up to 2 to 3 ft in the mountains. In Mirmalik valley it snows up to 6 ft in February.</p><br>
<h2>Languages</h2><br>
<p>The main language spoken in the valley is Shina. Urdu, which is the national language of Pakistan, is the second most frequently spoken language. Shina has many sub-dialects especially significant in Bunji, Dashkin, Doyan, Praishing, Gorikot, across the Burzil and Rattu regions. Shina is mild phonetically and uses the Arabic script. Poetry is not recorded, rather it is transmitted via folk songs and part of stories narrated by folk singers and artisans. Astore, a corridor to Dardistan, has a rich linguistic background due to its centuries old connections with the rest of the Indian subcontinent. People living in this region were frequent visitors to India for trade and education and had access to the maharajas&#39; royal courts. British officers visiting and surveying led to an admixture of foreign words in the local language.</p><br>
<p>The Ester Mountains  are a small mountain range in Bavaria. They are classified either as part of Bavarian Prealps or the larger chain of Northern Limestone Alps. The range stretches for about 15 kilometres. From the west it is bordered by the valley of the river Loisach and from the east by Walchensee lake and the valley of the river Isar. With its highest peak being Krottenkopf , the highest part of the range just exceeds 2,000 m. The range is of composed of limestone. The treeline is around 1,700 m.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>Probably from preceltic ester (cf. basque Ezterenzubi, occitan Esterel).</p><br>
<h2>Peaks</h2><br>
<h3>Most important summits</h3><br>
<p>The most important summits in the Ester range are the Krottenkopf (2,086 m), the Bischof (2,033 m), the Hohe Kisten (1,922 m), the Hoher Fricken (1,940 m) and the Simetsberg (1,836 m). The climbs both from the Loisach valley as well as from Krün or Wallgau in the southeast are relatively long. As a result the Ester Mountains are relatively quiet with the exception of the Wank mountain (1,780 m) which is accessible by cable car (the Wankbahn). Most tourists and mountaineers are attracted to the nearby higher ranges Wetterstein, Karwendel and to the highest peak of Germany, the Zugspitze.</p><br>
<h3>Other summits</h3><br>
<p>Risskopf</p><br>
<p>Platteneck</p><br>
<p>Klaffen</p><br>
<p>Wallgauer Eck</p><br>
<h2>Activities</h2><br>
<p>The Ester Mountains offer various trekking and mountaineering possibilities both in summer and winter.</p><br>
<p>Lopez Lake is a reservoir near the city of Arroyo Grande in San Luis Obispo County, California. The lake is formed by Lopez Dam on Arroyo Grande Creek, 9 mi upstream from the Pacific Ocean. The creek drains about 60 square miles above the dam and 90 square miles below. The dam was built in 1969 and is operated by the San Luis Obispo County Flood Control and Water Conservation District. The earth-fill dam was retrofitted to protect against earthquakes between 2001 and 2003. The lake&#39;s capacity is 49,200 acre.ft.</p><br>
<p>Lopez Lake provides drinking water for Arroyo Grande, Grover Beach, Pismo Beach, Oceano and Avila Beach. It also provides groundwater recharge, water for irrigation and flood control. Unlike most municipal water supplies, human contact with the water is permitted. Sailing, wind surfing, water skiing, swimming, fishing and camping are popular activities. There is also a waterslide next to the lake. To prevent contamination of the drinking water, water from the lake is piped 3 mi to a terminal reservoir, where it remains to allow particles to settle out and pathogens to die off. The water then goes through flocculation, filtration and chlorination at the Lopez Water Treatment Plant.</p><br>
<p>The recreation area consists of 4,200 acre of open space, trails and camping areas. A network of equestrian, bike and hiking trails criss-cross the park which is primarily oak woodland and coastal sage scrub. The area is frequented by black bears, mountain lions, mule deer and a number of other small mammals.</p><br>
<p>Several special events are held at the park yearly such as the Lopez Lake Trout Derby held in May, the California Polytechnic University Triathlon and the Scott Tinley Dirty Adventures Triathlon.</p><br>
<p>Millerton Lake is an artificial lake near the town of Friant about 15 mi north of downtown Fresno. The reservoir was created by the construction of Friant Dam on the San Joaquin River which, with the lake, serves as much of the county line between Fresno County to the south and Madera County to the north.</p><br>
<p>Part of the Central Valley Project, the dam was built by the United States Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) and was completed in 1942. The lake stores water for irrigation, which is distributed by the Madera and Friant-Kern Canals to the San Joaquin Valley. It has a capacity of 520,528 acre.ft.</p><br>
<p>Secondary uses include flood control and recreation, including swimming, fishing, water skiing and camping. A 25 MW hydroelectric plant operated by the Friant Power Authority produces electricity from large releases and two smaller plants use water released for a fish hatchery and to maintain minimum-flow in the river.</p><br>
<p>Prior to the construction of Friant Dam, the current lake bed was the site of the town of Millerton, the first county seat of Fresno County.</p><br>
<h2>Environmental impacts</h2><br>
<p>By diverting most of the San Joaquin River for irrigation, the Friant Dam has caused about 60 mi of the river to run dry except in high water years when floodwaters are spilled from the dam. The desiccation of the river has caused the degradation of large stretches of riverside habitat and marshes, and has nearly eliminated the historic chinook salmon run that once reached about 15,000 fish each year. Reduction in flows has also increased the concentration of pesticide and fertilizer runoff in the river contributing to pollution that has further impacted aquatic species.</p><br>
<p>On September 13, 2006, after eighteen years of litigation, environmental groups, fisherman and the USBR reached an agreement on releasing part of the water currently diverted into the irrigation canals into the San Joaquin River in order to help restore the river and its native fish and wildlife. The first water was released on October 2, 2009 at a rate of 185 cuft/s. By 2014, these "restoration flows" will be increased to 302,000 acrefeet per year, or 417 cuft/s, on top of the 117,000 acrefeet that is currently released for agricultural purposes. However, the river restoration project will cause a 12–20% reduction in irrigation water delivered from Friant Dam.</p><br>
<p>Hesperus Mountain is the highest summit of the La Plata Mountains range of the Rocky Mountains of North America. The prominent 13,237 ft thirteener is located in San Juan National Forest, 21.2 km northeast by east  of the Town of Mancos in Montezuma County, Colorado, United States. The summit of Hesperus Mountain is the highest point in Montezuma County.</p><br>
<h2>Mountain</h2><br>
<p>Though not of particularly high elevation for the region, Hesperus Mountain is visually quite prominent, as it is near the southern edge of the San Juan Mountains and rises over 7,000 ft above the area.</p><br>
<p>Hesperus is notable as the Navajo People&#39;s Sacred Mountain of the North, which marks the northern boundary of the Dinetah, their traditional homeland. It is associated with the color black, and is said to be impregnated with jet. When First Man created the mountain as a replica of mountains in the Fourth World, he fastened it to the ground with a rainbow and covered it in darkness.</p><br>
<p>The San Juan Mountains have been the traditional homeland of the Ute People. http://www.dargnet.org</p><br>
<p>http://uintahbasintah.org/maps/ubsw.jpg</p><br>
<p>Along with Ute the La Plata Mountain Range has also been the early homeland of the Navajo People who had settled on and near this mountain and the La Plata Mountain Range.</p><br>
<p>Popran Valley is in the Central Coast region to the north of the Hawkesbury River itself fifty kilometres to the north of the city of Sydney, Australia. Popran Creek flows through the valley which includes parts of Glenworth Valley and Mount White. Popran National Park was created in 1994 and is for the most part made up of sandstone cliffs and gullies. The creation of the park is indicative of the value the area has because of its unique fauna, flora and geology. The Park takes its name from Popran Creek which rises in the locality of Central Mangrove and then flows for approximately 24 km in a mostly southern direction till it reaches Mangrove Creek.</p><br>
<p>After initial exploration by Europeans primary industrial activities included timber getting, small farming, dairying and fishing. Some of these settlers remained in the Mangrove and Popran Valley locality for at least five generations.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The history of the Popran Valley includes pre and post-European settlement. Indigenous people from the Daruk and Darukijung people populated the lower Hawkesbury region- migrating between valleys hunting and fishing. The Dharug and Guringai Aboriginal peoples in particular are known to have been present in this area</p><br>
<h3>European settlement</h3><br>
<p>Early European settlers included emancipated convicts as well as free settlers and records indicate land was taken up from the mid 1820s. The sale of land in NSW during Colonial times changed in 1825 when the sale of land by private tender began and then six years later by public auction (1831). There are numerous instances of land sales recorded in the Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (NSW: 1803 - 1842) in the Popran. One of the first to be recorded occurred in December 1835 with the sale of 50 acres at 5 shillings an acre.</p><br>
<p>Sydney was an important market for both forestry and agricultural products although most families were nearly self-sufficient. Crops included corn, vegetables and fruit. Hardwoods were logged well into the 1980s. In the early days contact with settlements on Mangrove Creek, the Hawkesbury and Sydney was almost exclusively by boat due to the difficult terrain. Both sides of Popran Creek have collections of rocks at regular intervals. These rocks were the ballast from boats arriving from Sydney to collect timber from the Valley. Thrown out of these boats onto the tidal, muddy foreshores they served as temporary jetties when the timber was loaded onto the boats for the return trip to Sydney. Some two miles up Popran Creek is Spurt Island named so by poet Henry Kendall.</p><br>
<h3>Kelly family</h3><br>
<p>In the upper reaches of the Popran land was first taken up by Edward Kelly in the year 1826. Kelly had been convicted for stealing a cow and was transported from Cork, Ireland in 1818. Kelly served out his sentence and the colonial records indicate he worked as a labourer. His original land grant was 50 acres and was located around four miles from the mouth of the Popran where it flows into Mangrove Creek. Edward Kelly had left behind in Ireland his wife Mary and five children. In 1842, twenty two years after his conviction in Ireland his wife and two of his sons arrived in Sydney aboard the Royal Saxon. The descendants of Edward Kelly occupied this original property until the mid nineteen hundreds.</p><br>
<p>The Gaula flows through the Gauldal valley in Sør-Trøndelag county, Norway. It is the biggest river in Central Norway. The river begins in Holtålen near the mountain Kjølifjellet. It then flows through the municipalities of Holtålen, Midtre Gauldal, and Melhus before emptying into Trondheim Fjord near Leinstrand on the border between Trondheim and Melhus.</p><br>
<p>The Gaula River is approximately 145 km long and it drains a watershed of 3,661 km&sup2;. On its way it is joined by one large tributary, the Sokna River in the village of Støren in Midtre Gauldal. Other smaller tributaries include the Rugla, Hesja, Holda, Forda and Bua.</p><br>
<p>Within the Gaula River, there are two well known waterfalls called Gaulfoss close to the village of Hovin and the Eggafoss near the village of Haltdalen.</p><br>
<p>In 2005 the Gaula became the best salmon fishing river in Norway with a catch of 37.5 t and 42.5 t in 2008. However, the Gaula is constantly listed among the top 5 salmon fishing rivers in Norway.</p><br>
<p>Pawtuxet Village is a section of the New England cities of Warwick and Cranston, Rhode Island. It is located at the point where the Pawtuxet River flows into the Providence River and Narragansett Bay.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Pawtuxet means "Little Falls" in the native language, and this area was originally occupied by the members of the Sononoce Pawtuxet tribe, part of the larger Narragansett Indian nation, who used the area as a feasting ground. In 1638, Rhode Island founder Roger Williams purchased the property extending south from Providence to the Pawtuxet River. Shortly thereafter his followers; William Arnold, William Harris, William Carpenter, and Zachariah Rhodes, settled along the fertile meadows of the Pawtuxet. Meanwhile, Samuel Gorton, the founder of Warwick, purchased the land south of the Pawtuxet River.</p><br>
<p>Early 18th century inhabitants took advantage of the power of the Pawtuxet River by constructing various mills, and took advantage of its excellent harbor by building one of America&#39;s premiere shipping ports. The Pawtuxet Village Historic District boasts dozens of preserved Colonial structures among its scenic blend of homes and buildings. The mouth of the Pawtuxet River was a strategic location to settle, and gave boats a safe harbor and the village considerable importance in the triangular trade of the day, and shipyards for the coastal and West Indies trade were located here.</p><br>
<p>It was here in 1772 where Rhode Island patriots took the first organized military action towards independence by attacking and burning the hated British revenue schooner. This was America&#39;s "First Blow for Freedom" that led directly to the establishment of permanent Committees of Correspondence, unifying the individual colonies, and starting the process of the American Revolution. The cities of Cranston and Warwick celebrate this historic role of Pawtuxet Village by playing host to the annual Gaspee Days Parade each June.</p><br>
<p>During the early 19th century Christopher and William Rhodes formed the textile manufacturing firm which controlled the prosperity and swayed the destiny of Pawtuxet for more than half a century. It changed from a shipping port to a mill village with textile mills at either end of the Pawtuxet Falls. Pawtuxet shops and businesses of the 19th century may be seen on old advertising maps from about 1862-1870.</p><br>
<p>In the late 19th century, the Rhodes family developed one of Rhode Island&#39;s top attractions, the famous Rhodes-on-the-Pawtuxet casino, dance hall, and canoe center. Trolley lines from Providence carried vast numbers to the Pawtuxet area for a day of family fun and relaxation. Area merchants prospered, and to this day, Pawtuxet Village remains a central focal point in the lives of the surrounding population.</p><br>
<h2>Notable residents</h2><br>
<p>Elisha Hunt Rhodes (1842-1917), soldier of the 2nd Rhode Island Volunteers and diarist of the Civil War</p><br>
<p>Frøylandsvatnet is a lake in Rogaland county, Norway. The 4.83 km&sup2; lake is located in the district of Jæren. It forms part of the municipal boundary line between Klepp and Time. The lake is quite shallow, with an average depth of 5.5 m.</p><br>
<p>The town of Bryne is located at the south end of the lake. The villages of Klepp stasjon, Orstad, and Kvernaland are all located around the northern end of the lake. The origin of the name is from the Norse god Frey.</p><br>
<h2>Environmental issues</h2><br>
<p>The lake is located in an area with very intensive agriculture. Early in the 1980s the lake was identified as being one of the worst cases of eutrophication in Norway. Algal bloom was a widespread problem, and there were cases reported of poisonous algea causing cattle to die from drinking the water.</p><br>
<p>The release of substances containing nitrogen and phosphorus has since been reduced, but large collections of sediment in the shallow lake causes the problems to decline rather slowly.</p><br>
<p>Drangey or Drang Isle, with its steep sea cliffs, towers majestically in the midst of Skagafjörður fjord in Iceland. The island is the remnant of a 700,000&#8209;year&#8209;old volcano, mostly made of volcanic tuff, forming a massive rock fortress.</p><br>
<p>It was first mentioned in the Icelandic classic Grettis saga as being the refuge of the outlaw Grettir, who spent his last years there with his brother Illugi and his slave Glaumur. He fled there with his two companions when enemies were seeking his life because of its high, impervious cliffs. It is described as having a flock of 80 sheep, and many birds nesting on the cliffs. In late autumn of 1031, Grettir was assassinated where he lay virtually dying in his shed on the island. Þorbjörn Öngull and his men were the perpetrators.</p><br>
<p>An old legend says that two night-prowling giants, a man and a woman, were traversing the fjord with their cow when they were surprised by the bright rays of daybreak. As a result of exposure to daylight, all three were turned into stone. Drangey represents the cow and Kerling (supposedly the female giant, the name means "Old Hag") is to the south of it. Karl (the male giant) was to the north of the island, but he disappeared long ago.</p><br>
<p>The bird life in Drangey is varied and lively, but the most common are diving birds: the guillemot, auk and puffin. The guillemot nests in the cliffs, while the auk mostly prefers deep cracks underneath the cliffs. The puffin, on the other hand, digs holes in the edge of the cliffs. In addition to these species, the black-legged kittiwake and fulmar nest in the cliffs and the raven and falcon also have their sanctuaries there.</p><br>
<p>Drangey has for ages been a harbinger of spring for the local residents. Every spring, they visited the island to collect both eggs and birds. They used ropes to climb down the fowling cliffs for the eggs, but the birds were caught using rafts placed on the sea underneath the cliffs. These rafts were covered with bird snares made of horsehair. The bird catchers mostly found shelter in sheds on the beach on the southernmost tip of the island. From this point, they also used to go fishing in their boats. At peak seasonal periods, there were as many as 200 men engaged in fowling and the catch was in excess of 200,000 birds when the yield was best. The use of snares was discontinued in 1966.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>Plot of Stormland movie includes Drangey.</p><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p>Bellevue is a historic mansion house at 204 Ben Hill Street in LaGrange, Georgia. Built in 1853-55, it was the home of Senator Benjamin Harvey Hill, and is one of the state&#39;s finest examples of Greek Revival architecture. Now a historic house museum, it was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1973, and is a contributing structure in Broad Street Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Bellevue is located in central LaGrange, on an oval parcel located at the north end of Ben Hill Street, and flanked on both sides by McClendon Circle. It is a two story wood frame structure with a two-story Greek temple front, featuring six fluted Ionic columns with capitals set at an angle, and a heavy multi-level entablature below a dentillated cornice. Set within the temple front is a second-floor balcony with a turned balustrade, and a center entrance recessed in an opening flanked by pilasters and topped by an entablature. Ells extend the house, joining it to what was once a separate kitchen building.</p><br>
<p>Bellevue, originally a 1,200 acre plantation estate, was established in 1853 by Benjamin Harvey Hill, one of Georgias leading politicians of the antebellum and Civil War era. Its architect is only known by his last name, Taylor, and is one Georgias finest example of antebellum Greek Revival architecture. Hill (1823–82), was a highly regarded orator and politician, who opposed secession in the years prior to the Civil War. When Georgia did secede from the Union, he served in the Senate of the Confederacy, and was opposed to Reconstruction Era legislation after the war. His house is now owned by the LaGrange Women&#39;s Club, which offers tours of the house and rentals for special events.</p><br>
<p>Cylburn Arboretum  is a city park with arboretum and gardens, located at 4915 Greenspring Avenue, Baltimore, Maryland. It is open daily - excluding Mondays-without charge.</p><br>
<p>The arboretum began as the private estate of businessman Jesse Tyson, who started construction of Cylburn Mansion in 1863. The house, designed by Baltimore City Hall architect George Aloysius Frederick, was eventually completed in 1888 and remains intact, a stone structure built of gneiss from Tyson&#39;s quarries at Bare Hills, with mansard roof, tower, and an Italianate cupola. It became the Cylburn Wildflower Preserve and Garden Center in 1954 and, in 1982, was renamed the Cylburn Arboretum Association.</p><br>
<p>The Cylburn Mansion houses a display of watercolor paintings of Maryland wildflowers that is open to the public.</p><br>
<p>Today the arboretum contains an extensive collection of trees and woody shrubs based loosely on the Tysons&#39; original plantings. Collections include azaleas, bamboo, beeches, boxwoods, chestnuts, conifers, hollies, Japanese maples, magnolias, maples, Maryland oaks, and viburnum.</p><br>
<p>The arboretum also includes a number of flower and vegetable gardens, as well as greenhouses designed and built in the 1960s by Lord & Burnham. The greenhouses grow plants for the city&#39;s parks, and are not open to the general public.</p><br>
<h2>Cylburn Nature Museum</h2><br>
<p>The Cylburn Nature Museum, located in the garage of the Carriage House, displays natural history exhibits of Maryland birds, bird eggs from the late 19th century, butterflies and moths, rocks and minerals, fossils and seashells, games, and habitat dioramas. Many items are available to touch. The Cylburn Nature Museum is open on Saturdays from 12pm – 3pm and on Sundays from 1pm – 4pm.</p><br>
<p>The arboretum is included in the Baltimore National Heritage Area.</p><br>
<p>The Merwede  is the name of several connected stretches of river in The Netherlands, between the cities of Woudrichem, Dordrecht and Papendrecht. The river is part of the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta and is mostly fed by the river Rhine.</p><br>
<p>At first, a disconnected branch of the Meuse joins the Waal at Woudrichem to form the Boven Merwede (Upper Merwede). A few kilometers downstream it splits into the Beneden Merwede (Lower Merwede) on the right and the Nieuwe Merwede (New Merwede) on the left. All these rivers are tidal. The Nieuwe Merwede joins the Bergse Maas near Lage Zwaluwe to form the Hollands Diep estuary, and separates the Island of Dordrecht from the Biesbosch National Park. The Beneden Merwede splits into the Noord River and Oude Maas near Papendrecht.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In medieval times the name Merwede (or "Merwe" in Middle Dutch) was the name of a continuous stretch of river, considered to be the lower part of the river Waal (a major distributary branch of the Rhine), and carried on its name all the way to the sea. Later on, the name Merwede was discarded downstream of the town of Papendrecht and replaced with Noord river and, even further downstream, Nieuwe Maas. Only the part of the river between Woudrichem en Papendrecht retained its name.</p><br>
<p>The confusing river names are the result of two major flood events, which both resulted in a significant shift in the course and flow of the lower rivers. The first of these events forced the river Meuse (Maas) to take a more northerly course and created a direct connection between the Meuse and the Merwede at the town of Woudrichem. The names of several stretches of the lower rivers were then changed to reflect this, for example the Oude Maas and Nieuwe Maas.</p><br>
<p>During a second flooding event (the St. Elizabeth floods) a major breach in the coastal dunes of Holland created an inlet that would eventually reach the Merwede, thus creating a new, more southerly and shorter path to the sea. Most of the flow of the river Meuse, and a considerable part of the flow of the Rhine (by means of the Waal), were rerouted to this new pathway (the current Biesbosch, Hollands Diep and Haringvliet). From that time on, the Oude Maas and Nieuwe Maas received little water from the Meuse. In recent centuries the influence of the Meuse has decreased even further, to the point that the major stretches of river called Oude Maas and Nieuwe Maas have been essentially cut off from the river Meuse completely.</p><br>
<p>Both the current Merwede and all of its lower stretches (now called Noord river, Oude Maas and Nieuwe Maas) are now consequently almost exclusively fed by the Rhine, while the Meuse has been given its own artificial mouth, Bergse Maas, and the two rivers Rhine and Meuse are now mostly separated to reduce the risk of flooding. This separation of the rivers Rhine and Maas is considered to be the greatest achievement in Dutch hydraulic engineering before the completion of the Zuiderzee Works and Delta Works.</p><br>
<p>The Merovingian dynasty probably derived its name from this river.</p><br>
<h2>Sources</h2><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p>Llyn Ogwen is a ribbon lake in north-west Wales. It lies alongside the A5 road between two mountain ranges of Snowdonia, the Carneddau and the Glyderau. Somewhat unusually, the county boundary at this point is drawn so that the lake itself lies in the county of Gwynedd, but all the surrounding land  lies in Conwy County Borough.</p><br>
<p>Llyn Ogwen lies at a height of about 310 metres above sea level and has an area of 78 acre, but is a very shallow lake, with a maximum depth of only a little over 3 metres. It is fed by a number of streams from the slopes of the mountains which surround it, which include Tryfan and Pen yr Ole Wen. The largest of these streams is Afon Lloer, which flows from Ffynnon Lloer.</p><br>
<p>It is said that after the Battle of Camlann (King Arthurs final battle), Sir Bedivere (Bedwyr) cast the sword Excalibur into Llyn Ogwen, where it was caught by the Lady of the Lake. Tryfan is said to be Sir Bediveres final resting-place. According to the writer Jonah Jones:</p><br>
<p>Llyn Ogwen is the source of the Afon Ogwen which flows north to reach the sea near Bangor. A dam was built in the Afon Ogwen at Ogwen Bank, in the early 20th century, to raise the level of the river in order to provide water for the use of the nearby Penrhyn Quarry. The lake is popular with anglers and is said to contain excellent trout.</p><br>
<p>Rachel Carson Homestead is a National Register of Historic Places site in Springdale, Pennsylvania, United States, 18 miles northeast of Pittsburgh along the Allegheny River.</p><br>
<p>The original four-room farmhouse was the birthplace and childhood home of Rachel Carson, whose 1962 book Silent Spring launched the modern environmentalist movement. The Carson family moved to this home in 1901 with plans to live in the home temporarily, and sell lots from the 65-acre land to finance building a modern home. Rachel was born here in 1907. The house underwent few improvements during the Carson residence as financial difficulties prevented the family from accomplishing their plan. Rachel and her family remained in this home until she completed her studies at the Pennsylvania College for Women (now in 1929. Rachel continued her studies in Baltimore at. Her family soon followed her to Baltimore. The house was sold to a local high school English teacher who updated utilities and added rooms, extending the footprint of the original home. The original four rooms used by the Carsons remain substantially unchanged. The grounds are reduced to a little more than a half-acre, but a small hiking trail accesses adjoining municipal property. A springhouse, still standing, was the source of water for the Carsons.</p><br>
<p>The homestead is managed by the Rachel Carson Homestead Association, Inc. (RCHA), a nonprofit organization. Established in 1975, the RCHA maintains the home, welcomes visitors to tours and events. The mission of the Rachel Carson Homestead Association is to preserve, restore, and interpret Rachel Carson’s birthplace; to design and implement environmental education programs and to educate the community, guided by her environmental ethics and sense of wonder.</p><br>
<p>The organization established the Rachel Carson Legacy Challenge: challenging individuals, government, industry and institutions to lessen their ecological footprint through the Rachel Carson Legacy Challenge which uses Carson&#39;s environmental ethic as the benchmark for permanent and measurable change.</p><br>
<p>Rachel Carson wrote her influential book Silent Spring at Rachel Carson House (Colesville, Maryland).</p><br>
<p>The Rachel Carson Challenge, a 35-mile wilderness hike on the Saturday closest to the summer solstice, was established in honor of Rachel Carson&#39;s contribution to the environment and passes by the Homestead. The Rachel Carson Trail is managed by the Rachel Carson Trails Conservancy.</p><br>
<p>The West Point Foundry was an early ironworks in Cold Spring, New York, that operated from 1817 to 1911. Set up to remedy deficiencies in national armaments production after the War of 1812, it became most famous for its production of Parrott rifle artillery and other munitions during the Civil War, although it also manufactured a variety of iron products for civilian use. The rise of steel making and declining demand for cast iron after the Civil War caused it to gradually sink into bankruptcy and cease operations in the early 20th Century.</p><br>
<h2>Founding and early products</h2><br>
<p>The impetus for its creation came from James Madison, who, after the War of 1812, wanted to establish domestic foundries to produce artillery.</p><br>
<p>The West Point Foundry Association was incorporated by Gouverneur Kemble, who came from a merchant family in New York City (although his mother&#39;s family had connections in Putnam Co.), and the foundry began operation in 1817. Besides artillery, the foundry also produced iron fittings for civilian uses, such as pipe for the New York City water system and sugar mills for shipment to the West Indies. A number of early locomotives were built at the foundry, including the Best Friend of Charleston, the West Point, the DeWitt Clinton, Phoenix, and Experiment.</p><br>
<h2>Parrott years and the Civil War</h2><br>
<p>In 1835, Captain Robert Parker Parrott, a West Point graduate, was appointed inspector of ordnance from the foundry. The next year, he resigned his commission and on October 31, 1836, was appointed superintendent of the foundry. It prospered under his tenure, and was the site of numerous experiments with artillery and projectiles, culminating in his invention of the Parrott rifle in 1860. During Parott&#39;s tenure, in 1843, the foundry also manufactured the USS Spencer, a revenue cutter which was the first iron ship built in the USA</p><br>
<p>The foundry&#39;s operations peaked during the Civil War due to military orders: it had a workforce of 1,400 people and produced 2,000 cannon and three million shells.</p><br>
<p>The fame of the foundry was such that Jules Verne, in his novel From the Earth to the Moon, chose it as the contractor for the Columbiad spaceship-launching cannon.</p><br>
<h2>Decline and archaeology</h2><br>
<p>In 1867, Parrott resigned as superintendent, although he continued to experiment with artillery designs until his death in 1877. Business at the foundry declined as it faced competition from more modern techniques of iron and steel production. It had discontinued the use of charcoal and begun to import coal from Pennsylvania around 1870. However, it was unable to stave off receivership in 1884 and bankruptcy in 1889. It was sold in 1897 to the Cornell brothers, makers of sugar mills, and closed in 1911.</p><br>
<p>Of the buildings on the site, only the central office building remains intact; the rest are in ruins. 87 acre around the site form a preserve owned by Scenic Hudson. It can be visited by a short trail from the nearby Cold Spring Metro-North station. A of the site, funded by Scenic Hudson and undertaken by Michigan Tech, has taken place from 2002-2008. The West Point Foundry Archeological Site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<p>Poor Mountain is a ridge of high peaks located in Roanoke County, Virginia and Montgomery County, Virginia. At 3,928 feet, Poor Mountain is the tallest mountain in the immediate area. Mrs Mert Rives owns all the property at the base of the mountain.</p><br>
<p>Poor Mountain has the largest known population, by far, of piratebush (Buckleya distichophylla), a plant which draws nutrients from the roots of Eastern Hemlock trees.</p><br>
<p>Piratebush is found only in limited numbers at a few other locations in Virginia, North Carolina, and Tennessee.</p><br>
<p>The Poor Mountain Natural Area Preserve has been established to protect this population.</p><br>
<p>Twelve Oclock Knob is located adjacent to Poor Mountain in Roanoke County directly south of Salem, Virginia. The north slope of the ridgeline formed by Poor Mountain and Twelve Oclock Knob marks the southwestern boundary of the Roanoke Valley. Fort Lewis Mountain is located directly across the valley from Poor Mountain.</p><br>
<h2>Communications hub</h2><br>
<p>Poor Mountain is the location of several broadcasting antennas for radio and television stations in the Roanoke, Virginia-Lynchburg, Virginia Designated Market Area (DMA). On the apex of the mountain in what&#39;s referred to as an "antenna farm" are the broadcasting antennas on towers for radio stations WVTF(FM) 89.1, licensed to the Virginia Tech Foundation, Inc. WXL60 (VHF-FM) 162.475 MHz (NOAA Weather Radio), licensed to NOAA, National Weather Service; W220BD 91.9, licensed to Family Radio; and three radio stations licensed to Mel Wheeler, Incorporated, WXLK(FM) 92.3; WSLC-FM 94.9; and WSLQ(FM) 99.1. Digital television stations located in the antenna farm are WBRA-TV 3 (PSIP Channel 15), WDBJ-TV 18 (PSIP Channel 7), WSLS-TV 30 (PSIP Channel 10), WFXR-TV 17 (PSIP Channel 27), WPXR-TV 36 (PSIP Channel 38), and WEDD-LD 26. All of these stations are licensed to Roanoke. Other telecommunication antennas and towers for local, county, state and national public service, are also located on Poor Mountain, and their flashing Federal Aviation Authority tower lights can be seen from dozens of miles away, especially at night.</p><br>
<p>The antennas for the other primary digital TV stations in the Roanoake DMA, WSET-TV 13 (PSIP Channel 13) and WWCW 20 (PSIP Channel 21) are located on towers on Thaxton Mountain, halfway between Lynchburg and Roanoke. Prior to the 2009 digital TV transition, WSET could not locate on Poor Mountain because of an inability to provide analog "city-grade" coverage of Lynchburg from that site, in addition to short-spacing concerns with WOWK-TV in Huntington, West Virginia.</p><br>
<p>The Poor Mountain broadcast antenna farm is a good example of radio and TV stations, co-locating their broadcast towers near each other on the highest point near their Federal Communications Commission (FCC) city of license.</p><br>
<h2>Wind farm bid</h2><br>
<p>The mountain is under consideration for the placement of a wind farm. Reportedly, Invenergy Wind LLC dropped the idea of putting wind turbines on Poor Mountain and neighboring Bent Mountain, as a study concluded that the potential energy would overload the existing electricity transmission lines found in the immediate area, however they have not and are still trying to pass the project through state and local government venues. They already have the land leased for up to 54 of the 443 foot tall wind turbines.</p><br>
<p>The Aiguille Verte , which is French for "Green Needle", is a mountain in the Mont Blanc massif in the French Alps.</p><br>
<p>It was first climbed on 29 June 1865 by Edward Whymper, Christian Almer and Franz Biner, a fortnight before the fateful first ascent of the Matterhorn. Whymper was unable to climb with his usual guide, Michel Croz, who had to wait for a client in Chamonix. As a result, Whymper hired the services of Christian Almer, who had been with Alfred Wills on the Wetterhorn in 1854. Whymper describes the push for the summit:</p><br>
<p>The second ascent was by Charles Hudson, T. S. Kennedy and Michel Croz via the Moine ridge. The first ascent of the Arête Sans was accomplished by Nicolas Jaeger in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>Incidents</h2><br>
<p>There have been a number of incidents where climbers have been killed or gone missing during climbing Aiguille Verte. The body of Patrice Hyvert, a French climber who went missing on March 1, 1982, was found on July 9, 2014.</p><br>
<p>The Central Mountain Range, also known as the Zhongyang Range or Chungyang Range , is the principal range of mountains in Taiwan. It runs from the north of the island to the south. Due to this separation, connecting between the west and east is not very convenient. The tallest peak of the range is Xiuguluan Mountain, 3,860 m.</p><br>
<p>In a broad sense, Central Mountain Range includes its conjoint ranges such as Xueshan Range and Yushan Range; thus the tallest peak of Central Mountain Range in this sense is Yushan (Jade Mountain/Mount Morrison), 3,952 meters (12,966 feet), and the second tallest peak is Xueshan (Snow Mountain), 3,886 m.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>The Central Range lies within the Taiwan subtropical evergreen forests ecoregion, and the composition of the forest varies with elevation. The coastal plains and lower elevations are covered by evergreen laurel-Castanopsis forests, dominated by Cryptocarya chinensis and Castanopsis hystrix, with scattered stands of the subtropical pine Pinus massoniana. As elevation increases, the evergreen broadleaf trees are gradually replaced by deciduous broadleaf trees and conifers. At higher elevations, Cyclobalanopsis glauca replaces laurel and Castanopsis as the dominant tree.</p><br>
<p>Above 3,000 m, deciduous broadleaf trees like Formosan Alder (Alnus formosana) and maple (Acer spp.) mix with Taiwan Hemlock (Tsuga chinensis). At the highest elevations, subalpine forests are dominated by conifers, including Taiwan hemlock (Tsuga chinensis), Taiwan spruce (Picea morrisonicola), and Taiwan fir (Abies kawakamii).</p><br>
<p>The Huntington Beach Pier is a municipal pier located in Huntington Beach, California, at the west end of Main Street and west of Pacific Coast Highway. At 1,850 ft in length, it is one of the longest public piers on the West Coast. . The pier is 100 ft above sea level.</p><br>
<p>The Huntington Beach Pier is on the California Register of Historical Resources. It is one of 123 historic places and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Orange County, California (Ref. No. 89001203).</p><br>
<p>One of the main landmarks of Huntington Beach, also known as "Surf City, USA", the pier is the center of the city&#39;s prominent beach culture. A popular meeting place for surfers, the ocean waves here are enhanced by a natural effect caused by the edge-diffraction of open ocean swells around Catalina Island, creating consistent surf year-round.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The pier was built circa 1902, before the incorporation of Huntington Beach in 1909. The Huntington Beach Company (Standard Oil), built a wooden pier at the terminus of Main Street in 1904, which extended 1,000 ft into the Paciic Ocean. In 1910, it was damaged by a severe storm that caused a large portion of it to plunge into the Pacific. The Huntington Beach Township&#39;s board of trustees approved a $70,000 bond in 1911 to construct a new pier made of concrete extending 1,350 ft in length.</p><br>
<p>The newly constructed pier was re-dedicated in 1914 and set a record at that time as the longest and highest concrete pleasure pier in the United States. Legendary surfer George Freeth provided a surfing demonstration at the pier re-dedication.</p><br>
<p>In 1931, the city extended the pier by 500 ft and added the Sunshine Cafe at the end. The extension separated from the original pier during the 1933 Long Beach earthquake. Repairs were made by the City of Huntington Beach, but the pier was damaged again by hurricane weather in 1939. Reconstruction of the pier was completed a year later.</p><br>
<p>After the attack by Japan at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on December 7, 1941, Huntington Beach, along with many other coastal cities, mobilized to help the war effort. The USA Navy installed a submarine lookout post on the pier, along with a heavy caliber machine gun. When the war was over, all military equipment was removed and the pier was returned for public use. In 1983 and 1988, Pacific storms destroyed the pier and the "End Cafe". Fluor/Daniel Consultants of Irvine conducted a study on the structural stability of the pier and the pier was declared unsafe. It was closed in July of that year. A community group called P.I.E.R. (Persons Interested in Expediting Reconstruction) was organized to raise funds for the pier&#39;s reconstruction. P.I.E.R. raised over $100,000 by selling T-shirts and other merchandise with the P.I.E.R. logo. An additional $92,000 was donated by the community of Anjo, Japan, a.</p><br>
<p>Construction of a new 1,856-foot pier began in October, 1990. The pier was completed and re-dedicated on July 18, 1992, with a ribbon-cutting ceremony. Over 500,000 people attended the re-dedication and grand re-opening. The City of Huntington Beach established a management and observation program to maintain the pier, an iconic feature for the community.</p><br>
<p>The pier was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) on August 24, 1989, deeming the structure worthy of preservation by the federal government. The pier was reconstructed once more, removing some of the architectural features in 1992, including Neptune&#39;s Locker and a bait shop.</p><br>
<h2>Engineering</h2><br>
<p>The design of the present-day pier replicates the architectural form of the 1914 design. The concrete pier incorporates reinforced steel, coated with epoxy, to protect it from the corrosive effect of the damp salt air. It is also built to withstand 31 ft waves or a 7.0 magnitude earthquake and uses an increased space between piles to accommodate surfers - as requested by the City. The pier slopes gently up toward the seaward end in a straight line which alternates with three octagonal platforms and one rotated square (108 feet on a side) that forms a diamond at the pier&#39;s seaward end. Not only is the pier structurally sound, it also retains a number of design elements from the original pier including haunches at the pile caps and corbels supporting light standards. The pier is also strategicly located only two miles north of its neighboring Newport Beach Pier.</p><br>
<h2>Uses and features</h2><br>
<p>The pier is frequented by sport fishermen as well as surfing spectators. Ruby&#39;s Diner established at the end of the pier in 1993. Stolling the pier is a popular pastime for both local residents and visitors. The pier has a midnight curfew, two hours after the beach closes to the public. During curfew, there are public safety patrols on the beach and at the pier. Prohibited on the pier are riding bikes and skateboards, smoking, and possession and/or consumption of drugs or alcohol. The City of Huntington Beach operates a 24-hour with a view on the pier, looking west.</p><br>
<p>The City of Huntington Beach beach headquarters provides are updated throughout the day on the City of Huntington Beach website and at an automated phone line (714-536-9303). The reports include surf, water, wind, and tide information such as surf height, water temperature, and wind speed, and high and low tide times.</p><br>
<h2>Special events</h2><br>
<p>The annual USA Open of Surfing is held on the south side of the pier every summer, hosted by Vans and formerly sponsored by companies such as Hurley, Nike, Converse, and others. It is the largest surfing competition in the world and typically lasts one week. As part of the event, notable people in the world of surfing are also inducted into the Surfing Walk of Fame and the Surfers Hall of Fame, both located directly across from the pier on Main Street. The Surfing Walk of Fame incorporates embedded plaques in the Main Street sidewalk; the Surfers Hall of Fame incorporates the surfer&#39;s own hand prints.</p><br>
<p>The pier also features many other events throughout the year, though most occur in the summer. Many other surfing competitions are held here like the PSA, NASSA, and CSA. Tournaments are also held for other sports such as volleyball, wrestling, BMX, kite flying, paintballing, and fishing. Races and marathons such as the Surf City Marathon & Half Marathon, which is held every Super Bowl Sunday and the Surf City 10, which is in October pass by the pier. The city also hosts an Annual Pier Swim and Rough Water Swim in which participants have to swim around the pier. There are also fireworks and parades to celebrate the Fourth of July.</p><br>
<h2>Pier webcams</h2><br>
<p>In addition to the City of Huntington Beach on the pier, views from the pier are aired live on screens at the California-themed Hollister apparel stores. The store pays a franchise fee to the City, which helps fund marine safety equipment. The cameras are also used by lifeguards.</p><br>
<h2>Film and television</h2><br>
<p>Huntington Beach and its pier have been popular locations for. Television shows include "90210" from The CW, NBC show Betty White&#39;s Off Their Rockers, and The X Factor. The area has also been featured in the Bravo show, The Real Housewives of Orange County.</p><br>
<p>Shelburne Farms is a nonprofit education center for sustainability, 1,400 acre working farm, and National Historic Landmark on the shores of Lake Champlain in Shelburne, Vermont. The property is nationally significant as a well-preserved example of a Gilded Age "ornamental farm", developed in the late 19th century with architecture by Robert Henderson Robertson and landscaping by Frederick Law Olmsted.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Shelburne Farms was created in 1886 by Dr. William Seward Webb and Eliza Osgood Vanderbilt Webb as a model agricultural estate, using money inherited from railroad magnate William Henry Vanderbilt. They commissioned landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted to guide the layout of 3,800 acre of farm, field and forest, and New York architect Robert Henderson Robertson, to design the buildings. The estate was created by purchasing a large number of mostly agricultural properties, and then adapting the existing roads and lanes (some of which were public ways the Webbs petitioned to have closed) to fulfill the Webbs&#39; vision for the estate. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, and was designated a National Historic Landmark District in 2001.</p><br>
<p>Shelburne Farms was incorporated as a nonprofit educational organization in 1972 by descendants of the Webbs. Nearly 400 acre of sustainably managed woodlands received Green Certification from the Forest Stewardship Council in 1998. The farm&#39;s grass-based dairy supports a herd of 125 purebred, registered Brown Swiss cows. Their milk is made into farmhouse cheddar cheese. The farm serves as an educational resource by practicing rural land use that is environmentally, economically and culturally sustainable. Visitors may enjoy the walking trails, children’s farmyard, inn, restaurant, property tours and special events.</p><br>
<p>Livanjsko field or Livanjsko polje , located in Bosnia and Herzegovina, is the largest polje  in the world. Although a typical example of karst plateau circled by tall peaks and mountain ranges, the Field is characterized by many unique natural phenomenons and karstic features.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The field has an area of 45,868 hectare 458.7 km², and an average width of 6 km. It is located at an average height of 720 m above sea level.</p><br>
<p>The field is located in region of Tropolje, in the southwest of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and lies between the karstic mountains of Dinara and Kamešnica on the south, Tušnica mountain on the east, Cincar and Golija mountain on the north and Šator and Staretina mountain on the west. Buško Blato (Buško lake) lies to the southeast, and Ždralovac to the northwest. Ždralovac is a narrow corridor by which the Livno field is connected to the Grahovsko field, between the slopes of mountains Dinara, Kamešnica and Šator.</p><br>
<h3>Climate</h3><br>
<p>In the Neolithic age, the field was underwater. On the field itself there remains several lakes, of which Buško Blato has the largest accumulation in the region. Brežinsko jezero is another lake of note which lies on the northwest part of the field. When the Orlovac Hydroelectric power-plant was built in the 1960s, it altered the climate of the entire Livno region. Long, cold winter months with large snowfalls with the characteristic bura wind, were replaced by rainy winters and long, warm summers.</p><br>
<h3>Hydrology and hydrography</h3><br>
<p>Across the Livanjsko field flow several rivers, which belong to the Adriatic watershed. The most important of these are the Sturba (Livanjsko Polje), the Bistrica (Livanjsko Polje), the Brina (Livanjsko Polje), the Plovuča (Livanjsko Polje), the Jaruga (Livanjsko Polje) and the Ričina (Livanjsko Polje) which are all rich in trout and crab. An artificial lake, Buško Blato, was dammed in the polje in the 1970s for electric power generation. Additional projects are in planning which could seriously compromise the delicate hydrological balance of the Dinaric karst, which is criss-crossed by underground rivers.</p><br>
<h3>Towns and villages</h3><br>
<p>The largest town on the field is Livno, from which the field received its name. The town of Livno has approximately 12,000 inhabitants. It is located on the northeastern part of the field, beneath mount Bašajkovac.</p><br>
<p>The largest villages on the field are Guber, Grborezi, Podhum, Prolog, Čuklić, Zabrišće, Bila, Čelebić, Lusnić, Strupnić, Kovačić, Vrbica and Bojmunte.</p><br>
<h2>Culture and history</h2><br>
<p>Old Livno fortress (Bistrica town), the historic site</p><br>
<h3>Organic agriculture and cuisine</h3><br>
<p>The field is home to continental vegetable culture such as potatoes and cabbage. Livestock, especially raising cattle and sheep, as well as the production of milk and two famous brend of delicacy cheese, simply known as Livanjski cheese and Cincar cheese, employs a good deal of the inhabitants of the field.</p><br>
<p>Wysox Creek is a tributary of the Susquehanna River in Bradford County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately 15.0 mi long and flows through Windham Township, Orwell Township, Rome Township, and Wysox Township. It is possible to canoe on part of the creek&#39;s length.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>Wysox Creek begins on a hill in Windham Township. It flows east for a short distance and leaves the hill. The creek then turns south and flows through a valley for several miles, flowing parallel to Pennsylvania Route 187. It eventually enters Orwell Township, where it receives the tributary Trout Brook and flows though North Orwell and Russelville. Several miles downstream, the creek picks up the tributary Trout Stream and turns southwest, still flowing parallel to Pennsylvania Route 187 in its valley. It eventually enters Rome Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania, where it receives Parks Creek and passes through the community of Rome. Downstream of Rome, the creek turns south-southwest and picks up Ballard Creek. Some distance downstream, it enters Wysox Township, where it continues southwest and south-southwest. It receives several more tributaries before crossing USA Route 6 and reaching its confluence with the Susquehanna River.</p><br>
<p>Wysox Creek joins the Susquehanna River 268.56 mi upstream of its mouth.</p><br>
<h2>Watershed and geography</h2><br>
<p>The watershed of Wysox Creek has an area of 101 square miles.</p><br>
<p>There are some strainers on Wysox Creek. There are also gravel bar riffles on the creek. It flows through a flat and narrow valley and for much of its length flows through forested floodplains.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>It is possible to canoe on 6.3 mi of Wysox Creek during snowmelt or within several days of heavy rain. The difficulty rating of the creek is 1+. Edward Gertler describes its scenery as "good" in his book Keystone Canoeing.</p><br>
<p>Glendale National Cemetery is a United States National Cemetery located near the city of Richmond, in Henrico County, Virginia. Administered by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, it encompasses 2.1 acre, and as of the end of 2005 had 2,064 interments. It is closed to new interments.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Glendale National Cemetery was established on May 7, 1866, and named after a farmstead that was on the property at the time. The original interments were the remains of Union soldiers who died at the Battle of Malvern Hill and other nearby American Civil War battlefields.</p><br>
<p>Glendale National Cemetery was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<h2>Notable interments</h2><br>
<p>Corporal Michael Fleming Folland (1949–1969), Medal of Honor recipient for action in the Vietnam War.</p><br>
<p>Towanda Creek is a tributary of the Susquehanna River in Bradford County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately 32.9 mi long and flows through Canton Township, Canton, Leroy Township, Franklin Township, and Monroe Township.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>Towanda Creek begins on a hill in southwestern Canton Township, near the border between Bradford County and Lycoming County. The creek flows northwest off the hill and then turns north, flowing parallel to Pennsylvania Route 14. After several miles, it turns east and passes through the community of Canton and continues east. The creek then receives the tributary Mill Creek and shortly afterwards receives Alba Creek and Beech Flats Creek. It then enters Leroy Township, where it continues flowing east and slightly north parallel to Pennsylvania Route 50. In this township, the creek receives Wallace Brook and Gulf Brook. It eventually enters Franklin Township. In this township, the creek picks up North Branch Towanda Creek. Several miles downstream, it passes to the north of Naglee Mountain and enters Monroe Township. In this township, the creek picks up the tributary South Branch Towanda Creek and turns north. A short distance later, it turns northeast and enters the Towanda Flats. A few miles later, the creek reaches its confluence with the Susquehanna River.</p><br>
<p>Towanda Creek joins the Susquehanna River 271.72 mi upstream of its mouth.</p><br>
<h3>Tributaries</h3><br>
<p>The major tributaries of Towanda Creek include Schrader Creek and South Branch Towanda Creek.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrology</h2><br>
<p>Near Monroeton, the average monthly discharge of Towanda Creek ranges from 80.6 and 96.9 cubic feet per second in August and July, respectively to 611 and 655 cubic feet per second in April and March, respectively. The minimum monthly discharge ranges between 1.76 cubic feet per second in September to 110 cubic feet per second in April. The maximum monthly discharge ranges between 986 cubic feet per second in August to 2287 cubic feet per second in March. Near Franklindale, the average monthly discharge of the creek ranges from 8.46 to 414 cubic feet per second, in August and April, respectively. The minimum monthly discharge ranges between 4.55 cubic feet per second in August to 231 cubic feet per second in December. The maximum monthly discharge ranges between 17.5 cubic feet per second in August to 1000cubic feet per second in March.</p><br>
<p>The pH of Towanda Creek at Monroeton ranges from 7.4 to 8.2. The creeks specific conductance in this location ranges from 89 to 125 micro-siemens per centimeter at 25 &deg;C. The creeks temperature ranges between 0.7 &deg;C and 24.5 &deg;C. The water hardness in terms of the concentration of calcium carbonate ranges from 30 to 47 milligrams per liter. The total suspended solids concentration ranges from less than 5 to 452 milligrams per liter.</p><br>
<p>There are between 8.2 and 14.2 milligrams per liter of calcium in the waters of Towanda Creek and between 2.0 and 3.9 milligrams per liter of magnesium. The concentration of strontium ranges from 40 to 60 micrograms per liter, and there is an unknown concentration of barium. The concentration of sodium ranges between 3.0 and 5.5 milligrams per liter. The concentration of manganese in the waters of the creek ranges between 20 and 450 milligrams per liter and the iron concentration ranges from 40 to 18,500 micrograms per liter. The creek&#39;s nickel concentration is less than 50 micrograms per liter and the concentration of copper ranges from less than 4 to 10 micrograms per liter. The zinc concentration ranges from less than 10 to 50 micrograms per liter.</p><br>
<p>The concentration of boron in the waters of Towanda Creek is less than 200 milligrams per liter. The aluminum concentration ranges from less than 200 to 8500 milligrams per liter. The lead concentration is less than 1 microgram per liter. The concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in the creek range from less than 0.25 to 1.3 milligrams per liter and 0.014 to 0.313 milligrams per liter, respectively. The concentration of selenium in the creek is less than 7 micrograms per liter.</p><br>
<h2>Geography, geology, and climate</h2><br>
<p>The elevation near the mouth of Towanda Creek is 692 ft above sea level. The elevation of the creek at its source is approximately 1,760 ft above sea level.</p><br>
<p>There are a number of strainers and fallen trees on Towanda Creek in its upper reaches. The creek has fairly high mud banks and flows between forested mountains. Its valley becomes flat and wide downstream of Schrader Creek. There are some riffles on the creek and a few rocky patches near Franklindale.</p><br>
<p>The topography of the watershed of Towanda Creek is described as "rough and hilly" in a 1921 book. Most of the watershed consists of narrow valleys and steep hills that are rounded by glaciation.</p><br>
<p>Rock formations consisting of shale and sandstone are found in the vicinity of Towanda Creek. Deposits of bituminous coal are found in these rock formations. Gravel and boulders are also present near the creek.</p><br>
<p>The channel of Towanda Creek is sinuous. The size of Towanda Creek is doubled by Schrader Creek.</p><br>
<p>The annual rate of precipitation in the watershed of Towanda Creek is between 30 in and 40 in.</p><br>
<h2>Watershed</h2><br>
<p>The watershed of Towanda Creek has an area of 278 square miles. In addition to Bradford County, the watershed also occupies portions of Lycoming County, Sullivan County, and Tioga County. The creek&#39;s drainage basin is part of the Upper North Branch Susquehanna drainage basin.</p><br>
<p>Major lakes in the watershed of Towanda Creek include Lake Nephawin. This lake&#39;s surface area is 36.5 acres.</p><br>
<p>Towanda Creek is on private property throughout its length.</p><br>
<h2>History, etymology, and industries</h2><br>
<p>Towanda Creek&#39;s name comes from a Native American word for "burial ground".</p><br>
<p>A gaging station was established on Towanda Creek at Monroeton in January 1914.</p><br>
<p>In 1921, the largest communities in the watershed of Towanda Creek included Canton, Monroeton, New Albany, and Monroe. Their populations were 1637, 500, 413, and 403, respectively.</p><br>
<p>In the early 1900s, the main industries in the watershed of Towanda Creek were woodworking, clay banks, machine shops, and agriculture. The Susquehanna, New York, and Lehigh Valley Railroad also passed through lower reaches of the watershed during this time period. The Northern Central Railroad passed through the watershed&#39;s upper reaches. The creek was also used as the power supply for a small mill in Canton.</p><br>
<h2>Biology</h2><br>
<p>There are some wild trout in Towanda Creek, but trout are also stocked there by the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. Warmwater fishes are more common in the lower reaches of the creek.</p><br>
<p>During a survey undertaken in 2007, a total of 33 species of fish were identified in Towanda Creek. Brown trout, brook trout, and rainbow trout are all present in the creek. Their lengths range from 2 to 19 in, 9 to 13 in, and 11 to 12 in, respectively. Smallmouth bass ranging from 1 to 14 in long and rock bass ranging from 2 to 8 in are also present. In addition, the creek contains seven shiner species, three dace species, three darter species, two minnow species (bluntnose minnow and cutlips minnow), and two chub species (creek chub and river chub). Other fish species inhabiting the creek include pumpkinseed, bluegill, green sunfish, brown bullhead, walleye, white sucker, northern hog sucker, fallfish, central stoneroller, and sculpin.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>It is possible to canoe on 26.2 mi of Towanda Creek during snowmelt or within seven days of heavy rain. The difficulty rating of the creek is 1 and is considered to be suitable for novice canoers. Edward Gertler describes the scenery along it as "good" in his book Keystone Canoeing. It is also possible to canoe on two of the creek&#39;s tributaries. In addition, angling is done on the creek.</p><br>
<p>The Golda Meir School  for gifted and talented students is a Milwaukee Public Schools district elementary, middle, and high school in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The school offers classes for students in grades three through eleven. It was renamed in honor of Golda Meir, the fourth Prime Minister of Israel, who attended the institution from 1906 to 1912. There are two campuses: the lower campus and the upper campus. The lower campus building is a National Historic Landmark, designated in 1990 for its association with Meir.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Situated next to the historic Schlitz Brewing Complex of the same era, the Fourth Street School, now the Meir School lower campus, was designed in 1889 by noted Milwaukee architect Henry C. Koch in Romanesque Revival style. It was completed by 1890 and opened its doors on September 2, 1890.</p><br>
<p>H-shaped in plan, the school building has four stories (basement included) and contains 16 classrooms along with an auditorium. A single story heating plant was added in 1915, with a fuel room to follow in 1937. Fire escapes and enclosure of the stairways brought the building up to code in 1957. Renovation of the interior and exterior took place in 1976, during which a cafeteria was added.</p><br>
<p>Golda Meir had three classrooms in grade 3, grade 4, and grade 5. That left it with only enough room for one class in grade 6, grade 7, and grade 8. As a result, there were about 90 students in each of the elementary grades but only 30 students in each of the middle school grades. The 60 other students had to go to school somewhere else after grade 5. In 2011, parents asked the school board to allow grade 6 though 8 to move into the closed Milwaukee Education Center middle school, which is adjacent to Golda Meirs property. The building previously housed the Malt House of the long-closed Schlitz Brewery. The expansion has allowed all of Golda Meirs students to remain in the school. Golda Meir added grade 9 in 2014 and will continue to add grades until the Schlitz building has a high school population of 600 students.</p><br>
<p>Golda Meir School, as it was renamed on May 4, 1979, is one of the citys original magnet schools. The Gifted and Talented Program was implemented in the 1970s to further stimulate and develop the abilities of talented pupils. A two block long mural on the playground retaining wall was started in 1979 by students. Titled "Milwaukee Illustrated" it celebrated the citys history until removed in 1998 to make way for a new theme, "Golda&#39;s Gallery: The Decades on Display."</p><br>
<p>In commemoration of the events of September 11, 2001, a "Labyrinth of Peace" was drawn on to the school playground. The single circuit labyrinth is used as a tool for students to reflect on what peace means to them.</p><br>
<h2>Retrospective</h2><br>
<p>Golda Meir recounts in her book My Life that she "learned a lot more than fractions or how to spell at Fourth Street School..." When she was in fourth grade, Meir undertook her first public works project by organizing a fundraiser to pay for her classmates&#39; textbooks. She rented a hall and scheduled a public meeting for the event.</p><br>
<p>A plaque mounted outside the front door of the school reads in part "it was here that she learned the values that carried her through life."</p><br>
<p>On October 3, 1969 Golda Meir revisited the school, accompanied by National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger and local Aldermen Vel Phillips and Orville Pitts. The school has since been named in her honor in 1979.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1990. It is one of three buildings in the United States with a significant association with Meir.</p><br>
<p>Hallingdalselva  is a river which flows through the valley and traditional district of Hallingdal in Buskerud County, Norway. Within the valley, the river is often referred to as the Great River .</p><br>
<p>Hallingdal River rises from within the Hardangervidda mountain plateau. Hallingdal River is formed by the confluence of the Usta River which flows from Lake Ustevatn and the Holselva River from Lake Strandavatnet. Hallingdal River flows from the north into Lake Krøderen (Krøderfjorden) at Gulsvik. Lake Krøderen discharges via the Snarumselva (Snamum river) at the south end of the lake.</p><br>
<p>A number of rivers flow into the Hallingdal River including the Votna, Lya, Hemsil, Todøla and Rukkedøla. Hallingdal River has a total length of 220 km and a catchment area of 4,587 km&sup2;. The river falls 318 m in its journey to Krøderen, which is 132 m above sea-level. There are many hydro-electric power stations in the valley with an annual power production of about 4 TWh. The whole river system is now almost fully developed with a total of 13 power plants. The largest plants are Hol I-III (275 MW), Nes (250 MW), Usta (184 MW) and Hemsil I-II (152 MW). The total average annual production is approximately 4143 GWh. Most of the waterfall rights are owned by E-CO Energi.</p><br>
<p>The Neacola Mountains are the northernmost subrange of the Aleutian Range in the USA state of Alaska. The range is named for the Neacola River which bounds it to the north and drains the highest and most rugged peaks of the group. They are bordered on the southeast by the Chigmit Mountains, another subrange of the Aleutian Range, on the northeast by the Tordrillo Mountains, and on the west and southwest by the lakes and lowlands of Lake Clark National Park and Preserve. The highest peak is Mount Neacola , 9,426 feet  although the name is not officially recognized.</p><br>
<p>These mountains have not seen extensive exploration, due to their remoteness, typically poor weather, and lack of truly high peaks. However they are rugged and offer many climbing possibilities of an exploratory nature. Noted climber Fred Beckey visited the range in the early 1970s; in 1991, when he was "spiritual leader" of the expedition which made the first ascent of Mount Neacola; and again in 2004. Other recorded climbing visits occurred in 1979 and 1995.</p><br>
<h2>Sources</h2><br>
<p>American Alpine Journal, 1980, 1992, 1996, 2005.</p><br>
<p>Mammoth Pool Reservoir is a reservoir on the San Joaquin River in the Sierra Nevada, within the Sierra National Forest in California. It creates the border between Fresno County and Madera County. It is about 45 mi north-northeast of Fresno.</p><br>
<h2>Hydroelectric power</h2><br>
<p>The 123,000 acre.ft reservoir is formed by Mammoth Pool Dam, an earth-fill dam completed in 1960. It was built by Southern California Edison for hydroelectricity production. The dam&#39;s power plant can produce up to 190 megawatts. The dam, reservoir and power plant are part of the Big Creek Hydroelectric Project, perhaps the most extensive hydroelectric system in the world.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>The reservoir is also a recreation area. Activities at the lake include, swimming, fishing, camping and boating.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir is closed to the public during the month of May and the first half of June to allow migrating deer to swim across the reservoir, which spend the summer in the Sierra Nevada highlands.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir is inaccessible following the first snowstorm, usually occurring in November, as the access road is not snowplowed.</p><br>
<p>Twofold Bay is an open oceanic embayment that is located in the South Coast region of New South Wales, Australia.</p><br>
<p>The bay was named by George Bass, for its shape of two bights. The northern bight is called Calle Calle Bay; while the southern bight is known as Nullica Bay.</p><br>
<p>The bay is also known for the "Killers of Eden", the killer whales which helped a group of whalers in their search for other whales. The best-known of these was Old Tom whose skeleton is preserved in Eden&#39;s local museum.</p><br>
<h2>Location and features</h2><br>
<p>Located near the town of Eden, Twofold Bay is approximately 100 km to the north of the border between Victoria and New South Wales. The bay is fed from the Nullica River and Towamba River that both flow into Nullica Bay.</p><br>
<p>The catchment area of the bay is 11 km&sup2; with a volume of 334,559 ML over a surface area of 30.7 km&sup2, at an average depth of 10.9 m; making the bay reputedly the third deepest natural harbour in the Southern Hemisphere.</p><br>
<p>Close to North Head is a conspicuous islet, Mewstone Rock. About 5 km south of the islet is Red Point which forms the southern headland of the bay.</p><br>
<p>Local waters including Twofold Bay is recognized as one of twelve coastal aggregation areas for Southern Right Whales in Australia.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Indigenous history</h3><br>
<p>The original inhabitants of the area surrounding Twofold Bay were Aborigines of the Thaua clan of the Yuin nation.</p><br>
<h3>European history</h3><br>
<p>The first recorded visit to the bay by a European was by George Bass. The diaries of Bass show that he noted the bay when he passed it on his whaleboat voyage to Bass Strait in 1797/8. Bass took shelter in the bay on the return journey in February 1798; and named the place where he sheltered "Snug Cove", a name by which the bay is still known.</p><br>
<p>On 7 October 1798 Bass and Matthew Flinders set out from Port Jackson in the Norfolk on a voyage to determine whether or not Van Diemen&#39;s Land (now called Tasmania) was attached to the mainland of Australia. Accompanying them on this voyage was the Nautilus. Two days later a survey of Twofold Bay was commenced. This very accurate survey has required little subsequent modification apart from the addition of water depths and of shore-to-shore distances between important landmarks. Bass and Flinders also made their first contact with the local Thaua people.</p><br>
<p>The bay is mentioned in the logs of many ships which sheltered in it from the storms battering that part of the New South Wales coastline. Some of these ships were shipwrecked in the bay including the Mary (1821) and the Sophia (1825).</p><br>
<p>Quarantine Bay, located 3 km south of Eden, is so named because a sailing ship with a smallpox epidemic amongst the people on board took refuge in this (then) isolated area. Many people died and were buried on shore in a communal grave.</p><br>
<p>In 1843 Benjamin Boyd purchased land in Twofold Bay with the aim of transporting cattle from the district. Soon afterwards, Boyd started to build the Seahorse Inn adjacent to what is now called Boydtown Beach. Boydtown Beach lies on the western shore of Twofold Bay just south of the entrance to the Nullica River, which is located at the southern end of Quarantine Bay. The Seahorse Inn is still used for tourist accommodation. Nearby are the ruins of the church which Ben Boyd had constructed.</p><br>
<h2>Industry</h2><br>
<p>In the mid-2000s two major wharves dominate the south-eastern section of the bay.</p><br>
<p>The most easterly wharf services the woodchip mill. Usually two ships per month use the wharf. The forestry industry plays a significant role in the region. The Eden woodchip mill is owned by South East Fibre Exports (SEFE), a subsidiary of Japans biggest paper manufacturer, Nippon Paper Industries. The mill processes whole tree logs and is unable to process waste wood. The Eden chipmill was Australias first chipmill and has been vigorously opposed by conservationists for over forty years. Some conservationists argue that woodchipping not only kills millions of native animals and birds, it is a major contributor to climate change.</p><br>
<p>The second wharf belongs to the Department of Defence and is used by the Royal Australian Navy to service its ships. Parallel to the woodchip mill is a naval munitions storage depot. It is a multi-purpose wharf which allows other vessels, including cruise ships, to also moor at the wharf when the Naval ships are not using it.</p><br>
<p>Mussel farming occupies the westerly part of the bay off the small peninsula between Cattle Bay and Quarantine Bay.</p><br>
<p>Pennsbury Manor was the colonial estate of William Penn, founder and proprietor of the Colony of Pennsylvania, who lived there from 1683 to 1701. Since 1939 it has been the name of a reconstructed manor on this property.</p><br>
<p>Penn had his manor built on 8,000 acres, part of his much larger grant of land from the Crown. This section was located about 25 miles north of Philadelphia along the Delaware River in present-day Falls Township, Bucks County, Pennsylvania. After he returned to England, by the mid-18th century, the house and other buildings were deteriorating from neglect. From the early nineteenth century, the property changed hands numerous times.</p><br>
<p>In 1929 the Pennsylvania legislature authorized acquisition of the property by gift. In 1932 the Warner Company donated nearly ten acres of the property to the state of Pennsylvania as a site for a permanent memorial to Penn. The Pennsylvania Historical Commission was given responsibility for it. The legislature appropriated money to reconstruct the buildings of this estate in a historically accurate manner, to create a house museum in 1939. Over the decades, more land was acquired, and the property now has a total of 43 acre. The property was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 28, 1969. The manor house and grounds are administered by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission in association with The Pennsbury Society, and are open to the public.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>William Penn (1644-1718) of England, the new Proprietor of the King&#39;s Grant for the Province of Pennsylvania, traveled to the New World of "The Americas" in 1682 to start his dream of a "Holy Experiment" free from religious persecution for his "Religious Society of Friends" ("Quakers"). He was granted a 8,000 acre tract granted by the English King, Charles II (1630-1685). Penn met with the local Native American tribes to negotiate fairly and sue for peace, seeking their blessing (and even cooperation) to settle the land. He achieved amicable relations with the Lenape. Penn plotted the village of Philadelphia north of the confluence of the Delaware (flowing from the north and northeast) and the Schuylkill rivers (a smaller tributary that entered from the northwest). He platted and built a manor house outside the village as a country estate for him and his family.</p><br>
<p>The original manor was located along the banks of the Delaware River, north of Philadelphia, between the river proper and what was later named Van Sciver Lake. Construction at what he called "Pennsbury" was begun soon after Penns arrival in the Colony in 1682 and completed in about 1686. In addition to the central manor house, there were separate outbuildings for baking and brewing, a large stable, a boathouse, and numerous farm buildings. Penns plan was to establish the sort of gentleman&#39;s country estate similar to his home in England.</p><br>
<p>Penn spent most of his time in the central and soon-to-be capital city of Philadelphia governing his settlement, leaving the manor house empty for long periods of time. From 1699 to 1701, he rented "The Slate Roof House" in Philadelphia as his second residence and city townhouse. He left the colony in 1701. By 1736, one of Penn&#39;s sons remarked that the Pennsbury house "was very near falling, the roof open as well as the windows and the woodwork almost rotten." However, the old manor house remained held by the Penn proprietary family until 1792.</p><br>
<p>The Warner Company of Philadelphia, established in 1794, operated as a firm dealing in sand, gravel and other construction materials. At some time, they acquired much of the deserted land where William Penn&#39;s "Pennsbury Manor" once stood. Before 1820 "a farmhouse (known as the Crozier House) was built over part of the original Pennsbury foundations." It still stands on the larger property but was moved.</p><br>
<p>More than a century later, on Sunday, October 23, 1932, the 250th anniversary of Penn&#39;s arrival, the company donated some of the land to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Charles Warner, President of the Warner Company, presented the deed for nine and eight-tenths acres of Pennsbury, the portion on which the buildings had stood, to the Commonwealth as a permanent memorial site to Penn. The Pennsylvania Historical Commission was given responsibility for what was then known as The Pennsbury Memorial.</p><br>
<h2>Site discovery and reconstruction</h2><br>
<p>In the 1920s and 1930s, there was considerable interest in preserving buildings and history of colonial America, due in part to the stresses of waves of immigration, a world war, and the Great Depression. Other homes of “founders” were reconstructed in this era: notably, Abraham Lincoln&#39;s former home in New Salem, Illinois, in the 1920s and the reconstruction of the long-destroyed Wakefield in northern Virginia, the birthplace of George Washington, in 1930." In Virginia, the Rockefeller family supported the restoration and reconstruction of Colonial Williamsburg.</p><br>
<p>At that time, the Commission, Commonwealth, and other sources collaborated to construct a colonial revival manor house and outbuildings, in order to create a house museum dedicated to Penn. Completed in 1940, it is operated as Pennsbury Manor by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission in association with The Pennsbury Society, a non-profit organization, and is open to the public. Additional acreage has been acquired so that the total property is 43 acres. The manor and grounds were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969.</p><br>
<h3>Reconstruction</h3><br>
<p>Penn wrote to his overseer James Harrison frequently from England during the construction of the estate, providing evidence of his intentions and the progress of the project. During its early years of ownership, the Pennsylvania Historical Commission conducted site mapping, archaeology, and documentary research. In 1934, historian Albert Cook Myers found the buried foundations of the house and a crude drawing on an eighteenth-century survey map. These served as the basis for recreating a typical red-brick manor house on the property, in the early years of historic preservation.</p><br>
<p>Pennsbury Manor was designed by local architect R. Brognard Okie, (1875-1945), who was known for his sensitive colonial revival constructions in this area. He also restored the Betsy Ross House in Philadelphia. It appears that he designed a larger and more elaborate house than the original Pennsbury, which analysts think was based on a T-shape.</p><br>
<p>The house stands two stories tall with dormer windows piercing the hipped roof on the third level for an attic. It was designed in the Colonial Revival style, in a "Georgian" style of architecture, and stands five bays wide and two piles deep. The white wooden window with the door and frame trim contrast against the red brick, which is laid in Flemish bond pattern. The manor house is surrounded by the support buildings, built in either matching red brick or whitewashed wood frames.</p><br>
<p>Early anachronisms that were part of the 1930s project, such as a white picket fence and brick walkways, have been replaced by more appropriate styles of paling fences and graveled walks. Bricks were too expensive at the time to be used for walkways, and not even the original house was fully constructed in brick.</p><br>
<p>Similarly, the landscape design "owed more to colonial revival than the colonial original." Okie did not get the final contract for the landscape, but had made a proposal. The final work was done by Thomas Sears (1880-1960), who introduced a number of plants first brought from Asia in the 19th century, such as Weigela, Kerria Japonica, Forsythia, and Chinese Wisteria. Historic horticulture was little developed at this time. The "colonial" herb garden, bordered by brick, was also a 19th-century introduction.</p><br>
<p>The Annick Water  or Annock) is the largest tributary of the River Irvine. The river runs from Long Loch, just inside East Renfrewshire, in a generally south-western direction through North Ayrshire and East Ayrshire, to confluence with its parent river at Irvine, North Ayrshire on the west coast of Scotland. The name may derive from the Gaelic for &#39;overflowing&#39; and Strathannick is very much prone to flooding as recorded by SEPA.</p><br>
<p>The water now (2006) appears to be pollution free for most of its length. An independent survey in the Bourtreehill (1999) area revealed a strong colony of freshwater shrimp, a crustacean known only to live in relatively clean water.</p><br>
<p>On 27 January 2009 a BP tanker train carrying liquid fuels (diesel and heating oil) from Mossend to Riccarton was derailed near the bridge over the Stewarton to Kilmaurs road at Peacockbank Farm. Several wagons subsequently caught fire. The Annick Water was polluted, however, it escaped major contamination.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Mesolithic man used the Annick as his waterway. From Bourtreehill to Dreghorn, the Annick has presented us with many artifacts dating from that time. Indeed, recent archaeological evidence from Dreghorn uncovered the oldest continually used settlement in Europe. This mesolithic village was on the banks of the Annick.</p><br>
<p>A number of mills existed along its length with only Cunninghamhead Mill still standing today (2006). Lambroch Mill was located near Laigh Castleton Farm. Scroaggy or Fairliecrevoch Mill was a waulk or cloth mill and existed until the 1960s, with its lade cutting across the large loop in the river near Ramstane. Downstream from Cunninghamhead was a sawmill and a corn mill existed in Perceton near the old church. Scroag or scrog is a crab apple or gnarled treestumps in old Scots and this nickname well describes the area where the mill stood.</p><br>
<p>A number of fords and stepping stones are present, notably at Chapeltoun, Lambroch Mill, and at Ramstane where a footbridge was also present. A footbridge is still present at Laigh Castleton and a weir existed close to Lainshaw House, raising the water level to form an area which was ideal for water fowl. A small weir is still present beneath the surviving bridge into the Lainshaw Holm. Wooden carriageway bridges existed at two places on the Lainshaw estate; the stone built abutments are still visible.</p><br>
<p>A number of old bridges cross the Annick Water along its entire length, such as at Stewarton and Chapeltoun. Notable is the 17th century remains of bridge-supports in Bourtreehill&#39;s own stretch of the Annick. Other early railway bridges cross its shallow and easy waters. The lower reaches were known as Strathannick in the 18th century, but the name has sadly gone out of use.</p><br>
<h3>Death on the Annick</h3><br>
<p>During a particularly long feud between the Cunningham and Montgomery families in the 16th and 17th centuries, the fourth Earl of Eglinton was murdered at a ford on the Annick at Bridgend in Stewarton.</p><br>
<p>The river can be dangerous and a gravestone in Dreghorn Parish Church records the death by drowning of a young lad from Perceton in Victorian times.</p><br>
<p>On 18 August 2007 a Stewarton boy, Dean McGregor, fell into the Annick Water when it was in flood. The scene of the tragedy was near Lainshaw House. An RAF Search and Rescue helicopter from HMS Gannet searched the river for several hours, unsuccessfully. The body was found in the river a few days later near the sewerage works.</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>North American mink have been sighted along the banks of the Annick. This aggressive animal was unfortunately introduced to Britain and has been the cause for much concern for many years.</p><br>
<p>Kingfishers have been spotted flying above the surface of the water, successfully catching small fish in their beaks.</p><br>
<p>The eel, which originates in the Sargasso Sea has been known to cross land at certain sections of the Annick River. This is a common habit of the eel but the sight is rather odd.</p><br>
<p>As well as some Trout and Salmon it has a healthy population of Sticklebacks, Minnows, Freshwater Shrimps, Freshwater Limpets, Caddisfly Larvae, Blackfly, Stonefly and Leeches, indicating that the water quality is good. Mallard and heron are frequently encountered and the occasional Great Crested Grebe can be seen. Eels are sometimes to be found on land, especially in wet weather, taking a shortcut across the top of the lengthy loops that are found in the river in the area.</p><br>
<p>Marchantia polymorpha, the Common Liverwort grows on the bare bedrock dykes of the Annick near Cunninghamhead Mill, this plant being much rarer than the name suggests. Pellia epiphyla and Lunularia liverworts grow on the earth riverside banks at Cunninghamhead and elsewhere. The riverside vegetation includes Butterburr, Reed-Canary Grass, Rushes, Water Forget-Me-Not, Brooklime-Speedwell, Giant Hogweed, Hemlock Water-Dropwort, Willows and Alders.</p><br>
<p>Blacklog Creek is a 28.5 mi tributary of Aughwick Creek in Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania, in the United States.</p><br>
<p>It rises in the Tuscarora State Forest and flows southwestward between Blacklog Mountain to the northwest and Shade Mountain to the southeast, forming the Blacklog Valley. After a long run down the valley, it joins Shade Creek and turns west, carving the Blacklog Narrows through Blacklog Mountain. This gap carries U.S. Route 522 and the former grade of the narrow gauge East Broad Top Railroad&#39;s Shade Gap Branch (now occupied by the Rockhill Trolley Museum&#39;s standard gauge Shade Gap Electric Railway), and was formerly the site of the Winchester and Rockhill iron furnaces. The Narrows was also the site of at least two iron ore mines during the 1870s. Blacklog Creek flows between Rockhill and Orbisonia, cuts through Saddle Back Ridge and joins Aughwick Creek approximately two miles downstream of the two towns.</p><br>
<p>The Dallas Arboretum and Botanical Garden is a 66-acre  botanical garden located at 8525 Garland Road in East Dallas, Dallas, Texas, on the southeastern shore of White Rock Lake.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The arboretum is a series of gardens and fountains with a view of the lake and the downtown Dallas skyline. The majority of the grounds were once part of a 44 acre estate known as Rancho Encinal, built for geophysicist Everette Lee DeGolyer and his wife Nell. Mrs. DeGolyer&#39;s interests included her extensive flower gardens. The DeGolyer Home is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Since 1976, the DeGolyer estate has formed the largest portion of the Dallas Arboretum & Botanical Gardens. The addition of the adjoining Alex and Roberta Coke Camp estate increased the size of the grounds to sixty-six acres.</p><br>
<p>The 22,000 ft&sup2; Spanish-style DeGolyer Home was completed in 1940. The DeGolyer Garden Cafe/Loggia, located at the back of the DeGolyer Home, overlooks White Rock Lake and the tiered fountains and formal landscapes of A Woman&#39;s Garden. Also located on the grounds is an outdoor concert stage, picnic areas, and set of kid size replicas of dwellings and other structures depicting prairie life in the "Texas Pioneer Adventure."</p><br>
<p>In September 2002, Arboretum facilities were expanded with the opening of the new visitors center named for Dallas developer Trammell Crow. The center consists of a gift shop, meeting room, gazebo, and a patio area overlooking White Rock Lake. At night, one may view downtown Dallas with the skyscraper lights reflecting upon the water. The gazebo is named for Gisela Rodriguez and was financed in part by donations from her son Marcos A. Rodriguez.</p><br>
<h2>Named Gardens</h2><br>
<p>The Garden has over 66 acres of grounds. The Arboretum opened in 1984, combining the 44-acre DeGolyer Estate and the 22-acre Alex Camp House. There are 19 named gardens.</p><br>
<h3>The Trammell Crow Visitor Education Pavilion and Entry Plaza</h3><br>
<p>Built with native Texas limestone and wood and copper sheathing, this structure serves as the gateway to the gardens. The Scott K. Ginsburg Family Plaza and Junkins Fountain is located at the entrance.</p><br>
<h3>Margaret Elisabeth Jonsson Color Garden</h3><br>
<p>Designed by Naud Burnett II, the 6.5-acre Margaret Elisabeth Jonsson Color Garden features beds of seasonal flowers and plants. The Color Garden is home to more than 2,000 varieties of azaleas, along with daffodils and tulips. The Waterwise display, donated by Region IV of the Texas Nursery and Landscape Association, provides a location for home gardeners to learn how to install and manage a low-water landscape. The Palmer Fern Dell has a collection of ferns, camellias, azaleas and other perennials and shrubs.</p><br>
<h3>A Woman’s Garden</h3><br>
<p>A Woman&#39;s Garden is a gift from the Women’s Council of Dallas. This garden features terraced walkways. Phase 1 of this 1.8-acre formal garden was designed in 1997 by landscape architect Morgan Wheelock. A Woman’s Garden is composed of several smaller outdoor garden "rooms" including the Pecan Parterre and the Poetry Garden which features a sunken garden of roses.</p><br>
<p>Phase 2, which opened to the public in the spring of 2006, was designed by Dallas landscape architect and Texas Tech University graduate Warren Johnson. It has a native Texas limestone bridge, a 140-foot hanging garden, and a wellspring surrounded by Dawn Redwoods. These two gardens were designed to celebrate the strength, courage, creativity and nurturing demeanor of women.</p><br>
<h3>The Nancy Rutchik Red Maple Rill</h3><br>
<p>This two-acre garden includes a collection of over 80 varieties of signature Japanese Maples planted along the stream.</p><br>
<p>It was designed by Rowland Jackson of Newman, Jackson, Bieberstein, with construction services provided by The Beck Group. Key design elements include an entry off the Paseo de Flores and a gathering plaza that overlooks a re-circulating creek and numerous waterfalls. Opened in fall 2011, the area also includes a series of paved walkways and a stone bridge connecting the Martin Rutchik Concert Stage to the Magnolia Allee. A large weeping Japanese maple, nearly 100 years old, is in the center of the garden.</p><br>
<h3>The Lyda Bunker Hunt Paseo de Flores</h3><br>
<p>Commonly referred to as simply The Paseo, this pathway serves as the central walay of the Dallas Arboretum and Botanical Garden.</p><br>
<p>Designed by Luis Santana, the path begins at the Trammell Crow Visitor Education Pavilion and concludes near Fogelson Fountain, which was donated by the late Greer Garson in memory of her husband, Buddy.</p><br>
<h3>Boswell Family Garden</h3><br>
<p>A stacked stone wall serves as the backbone of this garden along with a range of rose varieties. Donated in 2004 by George Boswell and designed by landscape architect Warren Johnson of Fallcreek Gardens, The Boswell Family Garden comprises the area north of the McCasland Sunken Garden and is surrounded by the Gazebo, Octagonal Fountain and Magnolia Allee. An overlook offers a view of White Rock Lake and the surrounding gardens.</p><br>
<h3>McCasland Sunken Garden</h3><br>
<p>The Chico y Chica de la Playa sculpture and accompanying fountain provide the setting for many weddings.</p><br>
<p>Tom and Phyllis McCasland&#39;s 2006 contribution, the McCasland Sunken Garden, designed by Warren Johnson of Fallcreek Gardens, is a renovation and upgrade of the original Sunken Garden. The central aisle, lined with Italian jardinières, leads down a series of steps towards a grass court surrounded by seasonal plantings.</p><br>
<h3>The Eugenia Leftwich Palmer Fern Dell</h3><br>
<p>More than 90 varieties of ferns, camellias, azaleas and mature trees border a brook, which winds throughout this mini-garden. The Palmer Fern Dell, designed by Naud Burnett II, is located within the Jonsson Color Garden.</p><br>
<h3>The Nancy Clements Seay Magnolia Glade</h3><br>
<p>The Magnolia Glade features a waterway and lily pond amid a collection of flowers. Along with her husband Austin, Pauline Neuhoff wanted to dedicate a quiet and special garden to honor her mother. The Nancy Clements Seay Magnolia Glade features green grass, white blooms and the sounds of running water. Designed by Landscape Architect Warren Hill Johnson, the glade takes on different colors and textures throughout the year. Framed by the 45-foot magnolias of the Dallas Arboretum’s Magnolia Allee, the glade is gently enclosed by 35 new ‘Teddy Bear’ southern magnolias, as well as butterfly Japanese Maples, large white flowering camellias, and loquats.</p><br>
<h3>Nancy’s Garden</h3><br>
<p>Nancy’s Garden is blanketed by pink crape myrtles and azaleas, and is filled seasonally with pastel annual color. Located within the DeGolyer Gardens, this space was originally Nell DeGolyer’s personal garden. In 1986, the garden was renovated and dedicated to the children of Nancy Dillard Lyons. The Bill Dillard Family renovated the plantings and lighting of this peaceful area, which now includes child-sized benches as well as the sculpture Thank Heaven for Little Girls by Gary Price.</p><br>
<h3>Crape Myrtle Allee</h3><br>
<p>Crape myrtle trees enclose a stone walkway to create this garden. This natural tunnel leads visitors to the "frog fountain" water feature, Polliwogs. Opened to the public in 1994, Crape Myrtle Allee was originally funded by the Communities Foundation. Dedicated to John and Thelma Black by their daughter Peggy Braecklein. The Allee features a new lane of crape myrtle trees, which replaced the original trees planted by the DeGolyers. Paved with Pennsylvania bluestone, the Allee runs from the Paseo to Toad Corners.</p><br>
<h3>Chandler Lindsley Shadow Garden</h3><br>
<p>The Chandler Lindsley Shadow Garden is filled with pathways. Azaleas border the pathways providing color during the spring, while a row of magnolias provides a backdrop for the garden.</p><br>
<h3>Pecan Grove</h3><br>
<p>Pecan Grove serves as the centerpiece of the festival, Autumn at the Arboretum. In spiring, over 100 blooming Japanese Cherry Trees surround the Pecan Grove. In fall, over 50,000 pumpkins, gourds and squash come together to form the Pumpkin Village during Autumn at the Arboretum.</p><br>
<h3>The Martha Brooks Camellia Garden</h3><br>
<p>This garden features 200 camellias and over 30 different cultivars. Located along the Paseo de Flores, the Camellia Garden was designed by Dallas landscape architect and Texas Tech University graduate Warren Hill Johnson. The Martha Brooks Camellia garden was funded by the employees of Central and South West Corporation and was dedicated to the wife of retired CEO Dick Brooks. This addition to the Arboretum was opened in January 2000.</p><br>
<h3>DeGolyer Gardens</h3><br>
<p>The 21,000-square-foot home of Mr. and Mrs. Everette DeGolyer serves as the centerpiece to this garden. Landscape architects Arthur and Marie Berger designed the 4.5-acre DeGolyer Gardens for the DeGolyer family in 1940. Many of the original garden features remain, including the Magnolia Allee, the Sunken Garden and the Octagonal Fountain. In 2012, the existing entry landscape was replaced with a new design featuring hardy tropicals and palms. The Delyer House is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as well as the Texas Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h3>Lay Family Garden</h3><br>
<p>The Lay Family Garden (formally known as the Lay Ornamental Garden) is a 2.2-acre garden filled with hundreds of perennials and woody plants. A garden at the south end of the property, it is a reinterpretation of the Lay Ornamental Garden, a gift from the family of Mimi Lay Hodges and Herman Lay. The Lay Family Garden was named for Herman Lay, co-founder of Frito-Lay.</p><br>
<h3>Rose Mary Haggar Rose Garden</h3><br>
<p>Located within the DeGolyer Gardens, this pocket rose garden contains over 200 Hybrid Tea Roses of 16 different varieties.</p><br>
<h2>The Trial Gardens</h2><br>
<p>In 2002, the Dallas Arboretum became the 31st “All-America Selections Trial Garden”. The Trial Gardens opened to the public in March 2003. The Trial Gardens at the Dallas Arboretum were created for the purpose of expanding research efforts and providing information to the public. The focus of the trial program is to grow and evaluate many different plants in the drastic climate of the Metroplex and North Central Texas. Information generated from the trials is provided to commercial plant producers, retailers and home gardeners. Between 3,000 and 5,000 plants are trialed yearly from over 150 plant breeding companies.</p><br>
<h2>The Rory Meyers Children's Adventure Garden</h2><br>
<p>The Rory Meyers Children’s Adventure Garden was designed to connect children with nature. With over 150 individual kid friendly activities, the children’s garden features The Texas Skywalk, The Moody Oasis, a Walk in the Clouds. The Children&#39;s Garden is funded with support from the City of Dallas and private and corporate donors. It was named by the family of Rory Meyers. The Garden encompasses several galleries, each designed to be age-specific.</p><br>
<p>Rippon Lodge is the oldest house remaining in Prince William County, Virginia. Built around 1747 by Richard Blackburn, it lies on high ground overlooking Neabsco Creek at the south end of what is now the unincorporated town of Woodbridge at 15520 Blackburn Road. The house takes its name from Richard Blackburn&#39;s birthplace, the small city of Ripon in North Yorkshire, England.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The plantation house is located along a remnant of the original Kings Highway (now known as the "Washington–Rochambeau Revolutionary Route" ); this vital roadway connected the 13 original colonies, stretching from Newport, Rhode Island to Yorktown, playing a vital role in the American Revolutionary War It was along this road that colonial troops marched to defeat the British at Yorktown.</p><br>
<p>Originally a tobacco plantation, the land holdings stretched from Neabsco Creek westward to near what is now I-95 and amounted to about 21,000 acres (85 km²). The property featured its own port on Neabsco Creek and is close to the town of Dumfries, a once-important colonial seaport.</p><br>
<p>Built by Richard Blackburn, the house was passed to his son, Col. Thomas Blackburn. It was sold around 1820 to the Atkinson family who lived there for about 100 years.</p><br>
<p>In 1924 the property was sold again. The buyers were a Washington, D.C. federal judge and his wife, Judge and Mrs. Wade H. Ellis. Judge Ellis both renovated and preserved the property. Sometime after buying Rippon Lodge, the judge discovered that he was a descendant of Richard Blackburn, but it is not clear at what point during his tenure this became known and how much it influenced the preservation efforts. Regardless, the Ellis sold the house to another Blackburn family member, Admiral Richard Blackburn Black, an Arctic explorer and compatriot of Admiral Byrd. Admiral Blacks daughter inherited the house in 1989 and sold it to Prince William County in 2000.</p><br>
<p>Prince William County has restored the house and maintains the surrounding 40 acre of property. Rippon Lodge is open to the public from May through October on Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays from 11am to 4pm.</p><br>
<p>Black Lake is located in Cheboygan and Presque Isle counties in northern Michigan, United States. With a surface area of 10,130 acre, it is the seventh largest inland lake in Michigan. The largest body of water in the Black River watershed, it drains through the Lower Black and Cheboygan rivers into Lake Huron. Black Lake is a summer destination for many families from the suburban Detroit area and from other nearby states as well as residents of the neighboring town of Onaway.</p><br>
<p>Onaway State Park, at the southeastern end of the lake, offers camping, swimming and fishing. Its buildings, built during the Great Depression by the Civilian Conservation Corps, have been deemed eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Businesses on or near the lake include the Black River Marina, The Bluffs Restaurant and the 211 Outpost. Since the late 1960s, the United Auto Workers Union has maintained the Walter and May Reuther Family Education Center on the site of a former private estate.</p><br>
<p>Black Lake is noted for its unusual fishing season. A limited lake sturgeon ice fishing season is permitted in the winter. The fishery is limited to five total fish taken each year, each over 36 inches and taken through the ice with fishing spears. 25 anglers are chosen by lottery each day and given a flag to raise when they have caught a fish. When five flags have been raised the season is closed for the year. Seasons have lasted as little as a few hours.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The early history of the area was dominated by lumbering and mining. The remains of a long-abandoned limestone quarry are still visible on the south shore of the lake.</p><br>
<p>The Black Lake Association, founded in 1920, works to maintain the lakes water quality, to promote and improve its walleye and sturgeon fisheries, to keep its members informed about environmental issues that affect them, their property, and the lake itself, and to maintain a record of the lakes vital statistics.</p><br>
<p>During the tornado outbreak of October 17, 2007, Black lake was impacted by an EF1 tornado that lasted 10 miles on the ground. No deaths were recorded, but a barn and some land was partially ruined in the wake.</p><br>
<p>Christmas Tree Lane  is a 0.7 mi boulevard of deodar cedar trees in Altadena, California. The trees on the Lane, Santa Rosa Avenue, have been lighted annually as a Christmas Holiday display since 1920. The association that runs it claims it "is the oldest large-scale Christmas lighting spectacle in the United States". Christmas Tree Lane was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places in 1990,</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Origin</h3><br>
<p>Santa Rosa Avenue in Altadena is one of many north-south running streets named for female Spanish saints. Others are Santa Anita, Santa Clara (becomes El Molino Avenue), and Santa Marguerita (becomes Fair Oaks Avenue). At the head of Santa Rosa Avenue was a large parcel reserved for the would-be mansion of Altadena founder John P. Woodbury. His brother, Frederick, had already established a home at the head of Santa Clara Avenue, now one of the oldest houses in Altadena. Santa Rosa Avenue was to be the main approach to John&#39;s mansion from the Pasadena city limit. In 1883, returning from a trip to Italy, John described a most impressive stand of trees he saw there, the deodars (Cedrus deodara, the Tree of God), indigenous to the Himalayas. John returned with a handful of seeds from the trees. After having consulted with an arborist friend of his at the Department of Agriculture, who assured him the trees should do well in Southern California, he had Frederick plant them in a nursery behind his house. In two years the young trees were transplanted to Santa Rosa Avenue, in all some 150 trees.</p><br>
<p>The work on Santa Rosa Avenue was carried out by Fredericks ranch foreman Tom Hoag. This included the employment of a large Chinese labor crew not only to perform the transplanting, but also to lay the river-rock-lined gutters which have become an important part of the lanes historical landscape. The lane finished out at.7 mile (GPS measurement).</p><br>
<p>Because of the ensuing land bust of 1888, John Woodbury&#39;s home was never realized. But the Santa Rosa deodars flourished in the decades to come.</p><br>
<h3>The Pasadena-Altadena Uphill Race</h3><br>
<p>From 1906 to 1909, Santa Rosa was a part of the Pasadena-Altadena Uphill Race, a sport of the new high-speed automobile. Entries consisted of some of the latest race cars of the period, including the Stutz Bearcat, and Barney Oldfield&#39;s Ford No. 999. The racers rallied on Los Robles Avenue south of Woodbury and raced up to the corner, making a hard right then a hard left up Santa Rosa. The dirt roads were rugged and in one instance a female rider was tossed from the car. From that point on ladies were prohibited from riding along. The competitions only ran for four years.</p><br>
<h3>Lighting the Lane</h3><br>
<p>In 1920 Altadena resident and Pasadena merchant Frederick Nash, president of the Pasadena chapter of Kiwanis, convinced his fellow Kiwanians and the City of Pasadena to light the Santa Rosa deodars, now 35 years planted, for the upcoming Christmas season. That year they succeeded in lighting one-fourth of the lane. The spectacle was overwhelming and over the next few years, as the lighting grew along the lane, so did the number of spectators, many arriving by automobile to motor their way between the illuminated rows. The lane had no official name yet and was merely referred to as the Avenue of the Deodars.</p><br>
<p>In 1927 the Altadena chapter of Kiwanis had formed, and annually they would take children from the local Boys and Girls Aid Society for rides along the Avenue. The children would always plead to be taken for a ride along what they called "Christmas Tree Street".</p><br>
<h3>War years</h3><br>
<p>The lane was fully lit each year up until 1943 and the "switch" was pulled annually by honoree Tom Hoag, the old foreman. In 1943 the lane went unlit, but not for the war effort. That year saw a light snow pack and water for power generation was predicted to be low, so the lane was left unlit for conservation purposes. In that time Tom Hoag died.</p><br>
<p>Over the years colorized postcards of the lane became popular. During the war and in the years following the lane was popularized by color photo postcards and the name "Christmas Tree Lane" began to appear on them. It is supposed that this is where the name became popularized.</p><br>
<h2>Christmas Tree Lane Association</h2><br>
<p>During the first half of the 20th century, unincorporated Altadena had been solicited for annexation by Pasadena City. On a 1956 ballot, annexation was voted down. The City of Pasadena then withdrew its support for lighting Christmas Tree Lane. Altadenans were faced with having to attend to the Lane themselves. In 1957, they formed the Christmas Tree Lane Association with Lawrence Lamb as their first president. In coordination with the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers Local No. 11, they set about electrifying and lighting Christmas Tree Lane from their own fund raising.</p><br>
<p>Traffic was managed with the assistance of local Boy Scout Troops, who blocked the side streets, directing cars up Lake Avenue to Las Flores Street, well above the head of the Lane, and down Santa Rosa through the trees. This practice was ended in the late 1960s with the increased auto traffic and new residents who were less than patient with the detouring.</p><br>
<p>The Association was predominantly a mens organization, given the type of work it took to physically light the Lane. In 1960 a Womens Auxiliary was formed, headed by Lenore Denny, to develop fund-raising projects during the year, such as summer picnics, rummage sales and donation cans placed on the sales counters of local businesses. Nowadays, fund-raising and manual labor are performed by men and women alike. The Lane work can be time-consuming for Community Members, especially the members of the Board of the Christmas Tree Lane Association. By the late 1980s the board had not replanted several missing trees, and struggled to get the lights up every year. There were no reserve funds, and in fact the Association was in deficit. In 1994 a new board of younger volunteers was elected. This board, headed by Max and Jan Jouanicot, raised funds to erase the deficit, plant new trees to fill the gaps, and build new lines for the trees. That work is continuing under the present Board President Tony Ward. The present Board is slowly replacing the old-style light bulbs that used 11 watts each with new LED bulbs that use 1 watt each and will have a longer life.</p><br>
<h3>Southern California Edison</h3><br>
<p>In 1964, Southern California Edison, which was already a benefactor of Christmas Tree Lane, mostly by providing free power, installed a permanent power grid along the Lane with throw switch boxes at three intersections to handle the increased lighting through the now massive trees. Each year scores of volunteers would come out to string (and after the season unstring) the trees with electric lines full of dangling bulbs. The lines were fastened to ropes that led to pulleys located in the tops of the trees. The wiring was removed before spring to allow the trees new growth and to avoid being damaged during pruning.</p><br>
<p>Edison continued to provide free power until utilities deregulation in 2000.</p><br>
<h2>Landmark status</h2><br>
<p>Over time age, root diseases and high winds began to take their toll on several of the trees. By 1990, 132 of the original 146 trees remained. That year, Christmas Tree Lane, with its remaining trees now over one hundred years old, was placed on the National Register of Historic Places and was nominated for California State Landmark status. The narrative impressed the state officials with a particular phenomenon: the Lane brought two relatively new products together in a single social activity, the electric light and the automobile. With that it was listed as California State Landmark No. 990.</p><br>
<h2>Deregulation threatens the Lane</h2><br>
<p>In 2000, deregulation of the states electrical utilities caused Southern California Edison to withdraw its maintenance of the Lanes electrical system and provision of free electricity. This meant that the grid would have to be metered and electricity would have to be billed. Thus the system would require permitting and have to meet all existing electrical codes. The Los Angeles County Public Works Department, which is responsible for meters and permits, deemed the old electrical system unsafe, and prohibitive cost estimates to rewire the grid threatened the Christmas Tree Lane tradition.</p><br>
<p>The Board of the Christmas Tree Lane Association appealed to the office of Los Angeles County Supervisor Michael D. Antonovich. The Department of Public Works assisted in designing a workable, safe and legitimate system. The installation cost of $130,000 was covered by Supervisor Antonovich, and the Lane was lighted that year on schedule.</p><br>
<p>Twitchell Reservoir is a reservoir in southern San Luis Obispo County and northern Santa Barbara County in California. The reservoir has a capacity of 197,756 acre.ft and is formed by Twitchell Dam on the Cuyama River about 66 mi from its headwaters in the Chumash Wilderness Area and about 6 mi from its confluence with the Sisquoc River, where they form the Santa Maria River. Twitchell Dam was built by the United States Bureau of Reclamation between 1956 and 1958. The original names were Vacquero Dam and Vacquero Reservoir, but they were changed to honor T. A. Twitchell of Santa Maria, a proponent of the project.</p><br>
<p>The dam and reservoir provide flood control and water conservation. The Central Coast of California only receives significant amounts of rainfall during the winter, this area averaging 14 in per year. The water is stored in the reservoir during big winter storms and released as quickly as possible while still allowing it to percolate into the soil and recharge the groundwater. This means that the reservoir is usually far from full. It is estimated that the project increases recharge by 20,000 acre.ft annually. Sedimentation is a problem for the reservoir, as the reservoir is being filled 70 percent faster than expected. This reduces its capacity and blocks the water inlet to the control gates. Some sediment has been removed by flushing it out during releases, but much of it is simply deposited immediately downstream, interfering with flows.</p><br>
<p>There is no public access to the dam or reservoir.</p><br>
<p>The Mayo Hotel is a historic building located in downtown Tulsa in Oklahoma, US, at 115 West 5th Street. This Chicago School  building was built in 1925. It was designed by the architect George Winkler and financed by John D. and Cass A. Mayo. The base of two-story Doric columns supports fourteen floors marked with false terracotta balconies, and a two-story crown of stone and a dentiled cornice It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. It was listed under National Register Criterion C, and its NRIS number is 80003303.</p><br>
<p>Once the tallest building in Oklahoma, the hotel originally had 600 rooms. Ceiling fans in each room and Tulsa&#39;s first running ice water made the hotel a haven from summer heat.</p><br>
<p>It hosted many of Tulsas most notable 20th-century visitors, including President John F. Kennedy, Bob Hope, Charles Lindbergh, Babe Ruth, Charlie Chaplin and Mae West. The Mayo Hotel was also the residence of some notable oilmen of the era, including J. Paul Getty. In William Inges 1953 Pulitzer Prize winning play, Picnic, the Mayo Hotel is where the lead character Hal intends to find work as a bellhop.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1925, the building was designed by the architect George Winkler and financed by John D. and Cass A. Mayo.</p><br>
<p>A failed renovation attempt in the early 1980s left the building unoccupied and missing many of its original fixtures and interior ornamentation. Abandoned for 20 years, the Mayo seemed destined for demolition until June 2001, when the Snyder family purchased it for $250,000 and began renovation. Initial efforts focused on restoring the lower floors, which became a popular venue for galas, proms, receptions and meetings. An $11.2 million project to convert seven upper floors into 70 loft apartments began in 2008. $4.9 million in public funds were allocated to the project from the Tulsa County development package known as "Vision 2025" approved by voters in 2003. The hotel owners provided an additional $6.3 million. The total cost of the building renovation has been reported to be $40 million.</p><br>
<p>As part of this renovation project, the Mayo also became the first Oklahoma building to complete environmental remediation under a new brownfields program sponsored by the Oklahoma Corporation Commission.</p><br>
<p>Apartment tenants began moving into the restored building in late August 2009, and the hotel reopened for business in September, with a formal grand reopening in December. The Mayo Hotel privately opened early for its first guest, Britney Spears, who booked 80 rooms for her tour stop in Tulsa on September 15, 2009. Since then, the hotel has hosted numerous guests such as OneRepublic, Lady Gaga, Bob Seger and Josh Groban.</p><br>
